Geology Midterm 1-- important minerals

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Be able to recognize elements, ruling things out by class

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15 Terms

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Quartz

Transparent, hardness of 7, often hexagonal prisms ending in pyramids, variable color

<p>Transparent, hardness of 7, often hexagonal prisms ending in pyramids, variable color</p>
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Feldspar

pink or gray, generally opaque, MOST COMMON MINERAL IN CRUST

<p>pink or gray, generally opaque, MOST COMMON MINERAL IN CRUST</p>
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Muscovite

Micaceous, composed of weakly-connected sheets, sparkly

<p>Micaceous, composed of weakly-connected sheets, sparkly</p>
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Biotite

Almost micaceous, darker than mucovite

<p>Almost micaceous, darker than mucovite</p>
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Amphibole (or hornblende)

Dark and nondescript

<p>Dark and nondescript</p>
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Pyroxene

Dark and nondescript, can be hard to differentiate from amphibole

<p>Dark and nondescript, can be hard to differentiate from amphibole</p>
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Olivine

Usually green, first to crystallize out of a melt

<p>Usually green, first to crystallize out of a melt</p>
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Garnet

Generally red or pink, crystals often 12-sided, associated with metamorphism

<p>Generally red or pink, crystals often 12-sided, associated with metamorphism</p>
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Staurolite

Cruciform twinning, brownish, associated with metamorphism

<p>Cruciform twinning, brownish, associated with metamorphism </p>
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Chalcedony

Cryptocrystalline silica, includes agate and onyx

<p>Cryptocrystalline silica, includes agate and onyx</p>
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Kaolinite

Most common clay mineral, common in sedimentary rocks

<p>Most common clay mineral, common in sedimentary rocks</p>
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Hematite

Dark and nondescript, non-magnetic, red streak

<p>Dark and nondescript, non-magnetic, red streak</p>
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Pyrite

Fools goldm often cubic crystals, bronze-colored

<p>Fools goldm often cubic crystals, bronze-colored</p>
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Halite

Table salt, cubic crystal habit and cleavage, evaporitic

<p>Table salt, cubic crystal habit and cleavage, evaporitic</p>
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Calcite

Most common carbonate, softer than quartz, fizzes when exposed to weak acid

<p>Most common carbonate, softer than quartz, fizzes when exposed to weak acid</p>