BIO 1011 Final

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/80

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

81 Terms

1
New cards

Arteries

Takes blood away from the heart to the capillaries

2
New cards

Veins

Returns blood to heart

3
New cards

Heart

Muscle that pumps oxygenated blood into arteries

4
New cards

Lungs

Exchange of gases between air and blood

5
New cards

What part of the cardiac cycle creates a pulse and why?

Left and right ventricles undergoing systole (contraction)

6
New cards

What part of the heart causes lub-dub sound?

Valves closing (no mixture of blood)

7
New cards

What is the correct order of blood flow?

8
New cards

Why do we need oxygen?

Helps in production of ATP

9
New cards

Bronchioles

In lower respiratory system and has big surface area to help oxygen collide more and absorb more easily

10
New cards

Inspiration

Muscle contractions lower diaphram and raise hinged ribs, allowing for air to move in

11
New cards

Expiration

Muscle of diaphram and ribs relax, allowing air to move out

12
New cards

Where does gas exchange happen?

Lungs

13
New cards

In what two systems do gas exchange happen?

Cardiovascular system and respiratory system

14
New cards

How does gas exchange happen?

Diffusion happens in the alveoli (membrane) in lungs

15
New cards

How does the excretion of urine occur?

Kidney filters urine → Travels down from ureter to bladder → Stored in bladder until ready and then excreted

16
New cards

Renal cortex

First major part of kidney—Houses nephrons that help filter blood

17
New cards

Renal medulla

Second major part of the kidney—Most of the nephrons are located here and help with reabsorption of water, salt, and glucose.

18
New cards

Renal pelvis

Third major part of the kidney—Urine is collected here.

19
New cards

Glomeruli capsule

First part of nephron → Blood is filtered

20
New cards

Proximal convilated tubule

Second part of nephron → Reabsorption of filtrates (water, salt, glucose)

21
New cards

Loop of the nephron

Third part of the nephron → more reabsorption of water

22
New cards

Distal convulated tubule

Fourth part of the nephron → begins process of secretion

23
New cards

Collecting duct

Fifth part of the nephron → delivers urine to renal pelvis

24
New cards

What are the four organs of the lymphatic system?

Red bone marrow, thymus gland, lymph node, spleen

25
New cards

Red bone marrow

Produces all red blood cells, in spongy bone

26
New cards

Thymus gland

Maturation of t-cells

27
New cards

Lymph node

Filters nymph

28
New cards

Spleen

Filters blood

29
New cards

Neutrophil

Most common and does phagocytosis

30
New cards

Monocyte

Immature macrophage, recruits specific immunity

31
New cards

Lymphocyte

Specific immunity, both t-cells and b-cells

32
New cards

T-cells

Takes a long time to mature and kills antigen bearing cells outright

33
New cards

B-cells

Antibodies that attach and kill

34
New cards

Eosinophils

Goes after bigger stuff, uses enzymes to poke holes (think worms)

35
New cards

Basophils

Releases histamines (allergic reaction)

36
New cards

What is the order in which immune cells appear?

Neutrophil → Monocyte → Lymphocyte

37
New cards

Which cells are always on patrol?

Neutrophil, monocyte

38
New cards

Which cells need to learn? (adaptive immunity)

Lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils

39
New cards

Nonspecific immunity

Barriers to entry → skin, mucus, oil

Inflammation

Neutrophils and macrophages

40
New cards

Specific Immunity

B-cells and T-cells

41
New cards

What does the hypothalamus do?

Regulates homeostasis

42
New cards

Pituitary gland

Controls the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary gland

43
New cards

Anterior pituitary

Controls thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, and gonads

44
New cards

Thyroid gland

Creates hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium, is dependent on iodine (salt)

45
New cards

Adrenal gland

On top of kidneys, regulates urination, salt & water balance, cortisol, sex hormones, fight or flight

46
New cards

Parathyroid gland

On top of thyroid gland, increases calcium levels

47
New cards

Pancreas

Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

48
New cards

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood.

49
New cards

Cerebrum

Thought + Sensory processing

50
New cards

Diencephalon

Hypothalamus + Thalamus

  • Hormone regulation / homeostasis

  • Regulates sleep, hunger, thirst, body temp, water balance

51
New cards

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain + spinal cord

52
New cards

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves outside the CNS, for sensory information

53
New cards

Neuron parts

include cell body, axon, and dendrites.

54
New cards

Synapse

the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted.

55
New cards

Nerve impulse

A wave of electrical activity that travels along the axon of a neuron, transmitting signals.

56
New cards

Action potential

The change in electrical charge that occurs when a neuron fires, leading to the transmission of a nerve impulse. Charges flip. Has a refractory period.

57
New cards

Purpose of motor system

Physical support, supports internal organs, helps immune system function

58
New cards

What does the motor system regulate?

Body temperature and assist in movement of blood

59
New cards

Axial skeleton

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage

60
New cards

Appendicular skeleton

Shoulder, pelvis, hips

61
New cards

Compact bone

Stores and releses calcium

62
New cards

Spongy bone

Tissues store red blood cells

63
New cards

Bone cavity

Yellow bone marrow that stores fat

64
New cards

Antagonistic pairs

Muscles that pull a bone in opposite direction (bicep & triceps)

Flanks elbow joint

65
New cards

Crossing over

In prophase— Phenomenon where genetic information shuffles from one homologous chromosome to another

66
New cards

Sister chromatid

Before splitting, it counts as a single chromosome

67
New cards

Haploid cells

Sex cells, created in meiosis

68
New cards

Difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Meiosis II → Separates sister chromatids

69
New cards

Journey of the sperm cell

Testes → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → penis → exit

70
New cards

What does the sperm need?

Alkaline solution, nutrients, lubricant (created by glands)

71
New cards

Oviducts

Not connected directly to ovaries → fimbrae sweep ovaries

72
New cards

Uterus

Embryo embeds in lining (endometrium)

73
New cards
74
New cards
75
New cards
76
New cards
77
New cards
78
New cards
79
New cards
80
New cards
81
New cards