Nursing Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards covering nursing history, education paths, professional standards, and key figures based on the Exam 1 study guide transcript.

How has nursing evolved over time?

Nursing evolved from religious caregiving to a scientific, evidence-based profession influenced by wars, licensure, higher education, and technology.

When were the first permissive licensure laws for nursing enacted?

$$1903$$

What activities are associated with an occupational nurse?

Health promotion, education, and immunizations in the workplace.

According to the transcript, which setting employs the majority (63.2\text{%}) of Registered Nurses?

Hospitals

What are the common trends in modern nursing education?

Online and distance learning, RN-to-BSN programs, accelerated second-degree programs, Interprofessional education (IPE), and QSEN competencies.

Which specialty was historically considered well-suited for men, and why?

Psychiatric nursing, because men were viewed as providing strength and control.

What was the earliest type of formal nursing program?

Hospital-based Diploma Program

What is the primary purpose of mandatory continuing education for nursing license renewal?

To maintain expertise, remain current in practice, and promote lifelong learning.

How does licensure differ from certification in nursing?

Licensure is a government-issued requirement to practice nursing, while certification is voluntary and validates specialized knowledge and skills.

Which organization is responsible for accrediting all levels of nursing programs?

Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)

Why is distance learning considered important in nursing education?

It improves access to education, offers flexible scheduling, and helps nurses in rural areas continue their education.

What was the primary reason for the decline in hospital-based diploma programs?

Recommendations that nursing education should move into colleges and universities rather than hospitals.

What characteristics distinguish a profession from an occupation?

Specialized education, a body of knowledge, research, a code of ethics, altruism, and professional organizations.

What is considered the hallmark of professional nursing?

The Nurse Code of Ethics

What are the characteristics of a profession according to Flexner?

Intellectual work, specialized knowledge, research-based practice, specialized education, strong professional organization, and altruism/public service.

Why is Florence Nightingale recognized as the first nurse researcher?

She collected and analyzed morbidity and mortality data during the Crimean War, using statistics to improve hospital care and reform the medical system.

How has war historically influenced the nursing profession?

It increased the need for nurses, improved education, led to the development of military nursing, and advanced nursing practice and organization.

Which major American corporation is credited with helping promote nursing’s public image?

Johnson & Johnson

Who founded the first training school for nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in $1860$?

Florence Nightingale

Which organization was the first to recommend state registration for nurses?

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

What was the significance of the Hill-Burton Act of $1946$?

It expanded hospital construction throughout the United States.

According to Gallup Polls, how do nurses rank in terms of honesty and ethics?

They are ranked as the profession with the highest standards of honesty and ethics.

What are the four primary roles of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)?

Nurse Practitioner (NP), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA).

What are Benner’s Five Stages of nursing proficiency?

$$1. \text{ Novice, } 2. \text{ Advanced Beginner, } 3. \text{ Competent, } 4. \text{ Proficient, } 5. \text{ Expert}$$

What is the difference between formal and informal socialization in nursing?

Formal socialization is structured learning via faculty and coursework; informal socialization involves incidental lessons from workplace experiences and coworkers.

What were the key recommendations of the $1934$ study 'Nursing Schools Today and Tomorrow'?

Nursing education should be in higher education institutions, students should not be used as hospital staff, and standards should be established for practice and graduation.