Exam 1- Botany

relictual features

when a group first evolved it has a major set of distinct features

derived feature

when something is around ling enough it begins to modify and changes through natural selection

sessile

a organism that doesn’t move

Endosybiont theory

key organelles inside complex eukaryotic cells, specifically mitochondria and chlorplasts

Mosses

non-vascular, seedless, non-flowering plants (no organs— roots, leaves stems)

Ferns

Vascular, seedless, non-flowering plants

Conifers

vascular, seed, now flowering plants

flowering plants

vascular, seed, flowering plants (specialized tissues that move things around in the plant)

Major necessities

obtain nutrients, responds to the environment, respond to a changing environment, reproduce, eliminate waste

Photoautotroph

an organism that creates it own food using light energy from the sun and simple inorganic substances.

What nutrients do they need

water, minerals, light, carbon dioxide

Phototropism

plants orienting its growth towards the resource

Gravatropism

sensing where gravity is

Negative gravitropism

growing away from gravity

positive gravitropism

grow towards gravity

Plasticity

ability to modulate morphology, physiology or anatomy in the context of different environments. Different parts of the same plant can respond differently based on the environment at the time.

Allelopathy

preventing competition by poisoning the ground (limiting resource, prevents other from getting it)