RHS- Radiation Safety

The main purpose of using a lead apron with a thyroid collar when exposing dental radiographs is to protect the patient from

hazardous materials.

scatter radiation.

the primary beam.

infectious agents.

scatter radiation.

Which of the following was established to address the education and certification of operators of radiographic equipment?

Radiation Control for Health and Safety

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements

Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act

Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act

Personnel radiation monitoring devices are worn to

record the occupational exposure received by the operator.

alert the patient when an exposure occurs.

record the background exposure received by the patient.

alert the operator when an exposure occurs.

record the occupational exposure received by the operator.

What is the name of the process for the harmful effects of radiation?

ultraviolet rays

ionization

infrared rays

radiation

ionization

The most common artificial radiation exposure comes from

the nuclear fuel cycle.

medical radiation.

consumer products.

atomic weapon fallout.

medical radiation.

Which of the following can help to protect patients from excess radiation damage to tissues?

Round collimation

digital radiopgraphy

High kVp

Short cone paralleling

High kVp

Which of the following would you adjust to produce wavelengths with the greatest penetrating power?

Time

kVp

Distance

mA

kVp

The diameter of the cone-shaped beam produced from a circular collimator is

1.50 inches.

1.75 inches.

2.5 inches.

2.75 inches.

2.75 inches.

Which of the following is a long term effect of radiation?

Genetic

The radiation that is formed by the interaction of x-rays with matter is

primary radiation.

scattered radiation.

secondary radiation.

Bremsstrahlung radiation.

secondary radiation.

The purpose of the aluminum disc in the x-ray tubehead is to

prevent distortion on the radiograph.

filter out long wave x-rays from the primary beam.

prevent scatter radiation.

filter out short wave x-rays from the primary beam.

filter out long wave x-rays from the primary beam

The position-indicating device (PID) shape that most effectively reduces patient exposure to radiation is

round.

rectangular.

conical.

oblong.

rectangular

When exposing radiographs, what is the minimum distance the operator should stand from the tube head?

2 feet

4 feet

6 feet

8 feet

6 ft

Using the ALARA concept as a guideline for radiographs includes all of the following EXCEPT

draping the patient with a thyroid collar.

using a circular PID.

draping the patient with a lead apron.

using a rectangular PID.

using a circular PID.

If a dental assistant dosimeter badge report indicates exposure to radiation, what should be done first?

Evaluate the x-ray equipment and techniques

Change the mA and kVp or exposure time

Consult a physician

repeat the badge test

Evaluate the x-ray equipment and techniques

Leakage radiation is defined as any radiation that is

received from the patient.

received from the operator.

from the primary beam.

from the secondary beam.

from the primary beam.

While exposing digital images, radiation deflecting off the patient's head is called

characteristic radiation.

primary radiation.

background radiation.

scatter radiation.

scatter radiation

Which of the following affects the speed of the electrons emitted from the tubehead?

Filtration

Impulses

kVp

mA

kVp

When taking radiographs on a small child who cannot hold the sensor intra-orally, the dental assistant should;

ask a parent or guardian to hold the sensor.

position and hold the sensor.

reschedule the radiographic series.

ask the dentist to hold the sensor.

ask a parent or guardian to hold the sensor.

The amount of which of the following is used in determining the degree of radiation injury?

Genetic effects observed

Alpha particles present

Tissue irradiated

Free radicals present

Tissue irradiated

Radiation injury can be measured by

mA.

dose rate.

somatic dose.

kVp.

dose rate

The annual maximum accumulated dose (MAD) of radiation for dental assistant is based on which of the following calculations?

Age minus 18 times 5 rems/year

Age plus 18 times 5 rems/year

Age minus 18 times 3 rems/year

Age plus 18 times 3 rems/year

age minus 18 times 5 rems/year.

Patients receive less radiation when using a/an

round PID.

rectangular PID.

external PID.

recessed PID.

rectangular PID.

The most important step the dentist can take in protecting patients from x-radiation is to

properly use collimation.

avoid filtration.

properly prescribe radiographs.

avoid positioning devices.

properly prescribe radiographs.

Which of the following cells exposed to radiation may be associated with leukemia?

Genetic

Reproductive

Mature

Somatic

Somatic

Which of the following protection techniques is used to minimize x-radiation exposure to the operator?

Structural shielding

Wearing a lead line apron

Wearing a dosimeter

Standing next to the tubehead

Structural shielding

Which organ is the most sensitive to radiographic exposure?

Parotid gland

Thyroid gland

Nasal cavity

Ear canal

Thyroid gland

Which of the following radiolucent landmarks is useful when mounting images in the mandibular anterior area?

Mental foramen

Internal oblique ridge

External oblique ridge

Lingual foramen

Lingual foramen

Somatic effects of radiation do NOT have damaging effects on

bone marrow.

the patient.

offspring.

blood cells.

offspring.

Which of the following landmarks is useful when mounting images in the maxillary central area?

Anterior nasal spine

Mental foramen

Genial tubercle

Retromolar pad

Anterior nasal spine

When the tubehead drifts, the first step the dental assistant should take is to

ask the patient to gently hold the tube head.

ask the patient's family member to hold the tube head.

quickly expose each image.

stop using the machine.

stop using the machine.

ALARA is primarily concerned with the radiation that is

environmental.

artificial.

cosmic.

terrestrial.

artificial.

The shorter the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, the greater the

number of atoms.

number of electrons.

energy.

matter.

energy

The radiation exposure that poses the greatest hazard to the operator is

primary radiation.

collimated radiation.

scatter radiation.

leakage radiation.

leakage radiation.

Which of the following prevents x-rays from escaping the tubehead?

Anode

Tungsten filament

Cathode

Leaded-glass housing

Leaded-glass housing

Personnel monitoring for radiation exposure is done by

reporting exposures to the state.

observing physical changes over time.

documenting the number of exposures.

wearing a dosimeter.

wearing a dosimeter.

The most important responsibility of the dental assistant in dental radiography is

implementing ALARA principle.

calculating exposure time.

retaking radiographs.

selecting the correct setting

implementing ALARA principle.

Which of the following landmarks is useful when mounting images in the maxillary posterior area?

Internal oblique ridge

Floor of the maxillary sinus

External oblique ridge

Inferior nasal conchae

Floor of the maxillary sinus

Which of the following sequences best describes radiation injury to tissue?

Latent period, period of recovery, period of injury

Latent period, period of injury, period of recovery

Period of injury, latent period, period of recovery

Period of recovery, period of injury, latent period

Latent period, period of injury, period of recovery

What is the primary advantage in using digital radiography?

Reduces the radiation to patient

Reduces image contrast

Increases comfort for the patient

Increases image density

Reduces the radiation to patient

Dental healthcare personnel can BEST shield themselves from radiation during patient exposure by standing behind

a glass window.

a drywall barrier.

the patient's chair.

the tubehead.

a drywall barrier.

To minimize exposure to the radiographer, the operator should employ which of the following three types of radiation protection methods?

Location, equipment, mask

Chair position, stance, PID

Barrier, monitoring device, operator position

X-ray type, control, angle of tubehead

Barrier, monitoring device, operator position

Which of the following is the measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges?

Contrast

Amperage

Voltage

Density

voltage

The penetrating x-ray beam produced during dental radiography is called

primary radiation.

scatter radiation.

secondary radiation.

characteristic radiation.

primary radiation

Which of the following helps to decrease exposure of the thyroid gland from the primary radiation beam?

Bisecting angle technique

Use of round collimation

Decreasing the x-ray focal plane

Paralleling technique

Paralleling technique

The time between patient exposure to radiation and the appearance of biological damage is the

refractory period.

silent period.

waiting period.

latent period.

latent period

What is the purpose of a rectangular collimator?

Eliminate short wave length x-rays

Reduce radiation to the patient

Make it easier to line up the receptor and the PID

Reduce exposure time

Reduce radiation to the patient

Which of the following affects the quantity of x-rays being emitted from the tubehead?

Filtration

mA

kVp

Impulse

mA

What effect can be caused when exposed to radiation?

Radiation has a threshold, below which exposure is entirely safe

Radiation is safer when there is a single, large dose rather than a series of smaller doses

Radiation from a dental x-ray machine does not involve particulate radiation and is completely safe

Radiation has the potential to cause harmful biologic changes

no matter how small, radiation has the potential to cause harmful biologic changes

Which of the following measures the amount of radiation that reaches the surface of the skin?

Mitotic activity

Quality factor

Dose rate

Roentgen

Roentgen

Which of the following regulates the manufacturing and installation of x-ray equipment?

American Dental Association

Local Government

State Government

Federal Government

Federal Government

For x-ray machines operating in ranges at or below 70 kVp, the total aluminum equivalent filtration must be a minimum of

1.0 mm.

1.5 mm.

2.0 mm.

2.5 mm.

1.5 mm

Cells most suspectable to radiation damage are

nerve.

bone marrow.

muscle.

mature bone.

bone marrow.

Added filtration in the x-ray tubehead protects the

environment.

dentist.

operator.

patient.

patient

During patient exposure, protection from radiation for the dental assistant includes

wearing protective clothing.

standing behind a wall.

using an activator button with a 3-foot cord.

standing 4 feet from the source of radiation.

standing behind a wall.

Which of the following may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient?

Radiograph technique errors

Endodontic radiographs

Standard radiographs during exam appointment

Standard radiographs during recall appointment

Radiograph technique errors

Which of the following tissues is the most highly radiosensitive?

Salivary glands

Skin

Nerve

Mature bone

skin

The population most susceptible to radiation damage is

teenagers.

middle-aged adults.

infants.

seniors citizens.

infants

The maximum permissible dose (MPD) of ionizing radiation for occupational exposure is

0.05 rem per year (0.0005 Sv).

1.0 rem per year (0.01 Sv).

5.0 rem per year (0.05 Sv).

0.5 rem per year (0.005 Sv).

5.0 rem per year (0.05 Sv).

Which of the following is the most effective method of reducing patient exposure to x-radiation?

Lead apron

digital radiography

Thyroid collar

Frequent retakes

digital radiography

Which of the following can be used to measure excessive occupational exposure?

Dosimeter

Sensor sleeve

Protective barrier

Lead apron

Dosimeter

Dental x-rays should be prescribed when the

benefits outweigh the risk of harm.

insurance company will reimburse the cost to the patient.

patient arrives for the second of two annual visits.

maximum permissible dose is achieved.

benefits outweigh the risk of harm.

To produce ionizing radiation, an atom must

add an electron.

add a proton.

lose a neutron.

lose a proton.

add an electron.

When changing the 8-inch PID to a 16-inch PID, which of the following is used to determine the intensity of the beam?

SLOB rule

Rule of isometry

Object-image receptor distance

Inverse square law

Inverse square law

Long-term effects of exposure to radiation may be associated with

birth abnormalities.

hemorrhaging.

hair loss.

nausea and vomiting.

birth abnormalities.

Which of the following landmarks is useful when mounting images of the mandibular posterior area?

Internal oblique ridge

Mental foramen

Lingual foramen

External oblique ridge

Mental foramen

If there are no teeth to serve as guides, which of the following landmarks indicates a maxillary molar area radiograph?

Incisive foramen

Mental foramen

Internal oblique ridge

Tuberosity

Tuberosity

Compared to a round position-indicating device (PID), which of the following PIDs reduces patient radiation exposure by up to 70 percent?

Cone-shaped

Rectangular-shaped

Oblong-shape

Closed-end pointed shape

Rectangular-shaped

Human tissue are mainly composed of

Iron/Fe.

water/H2O.

oxygen/O2.

hydrogen/H.

water/H2O.

Dental healthcare personnel who are pregnant can expose radiographs during the

second trimester.

first trimester.

third trimester.

entire pregnancy.

entire pregnancy.

Which of the following is a measurement of tissue damage from x-ray energy?

Genetic effects

Chemical changes

Cell sensitivity

Radiation absorbed dose

Radiation absorbed dose

According to the inverse square law, when changing the PID length from 8 to 16 inches, the beam's intensity is

2 times as intense.

3/4 as intense.

1/4 as intense.

4 times as intense.

1/4 as intense.

Contrast in a digital image primarily controlled by

kVp

mA

size of sensor

exposure time

kVp

Which of the following must be monitored for radiation leakage?

lead aprons

Protection barriers

Dental x-ray machines

Control panels

Dental x-ray machines