Exploring Medical Language Chapter 5 Respiratory System

nose

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts s a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

paranasal sinsuses

air cavities within the cranial bones that open up into the nasal cavities

pharynx

serves as a food and air passageway. air enter from the nasal cavities an passes through the pharynx to the larynx

adenoids

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

tonsils

lymphoid tissue locate behind the month

larynx

locations of the vocal cords. air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box)

epiglottis

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keep food from entering the larynx during swallowing

trachea

passageway from air to the bronchi; (also called the windpipe)

bronchus

one of two branches fro the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides an subdivides.

bronchioles

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

alveolus

air sacs at the end of bronchioles. oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

lungs

two sponge like organs in the thoracic cavity.

pleura

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with smaller space between, which consist of serous fluid

adenoid/o

adenoids

alveol/o

alveolus

bronchi/o, bronch/o

bronchus

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

diaphragm

epiglott/o

epiglottis

laryng/o

larynx

lob/o

lobe

nas/o, rhin/o

nose

pharyng/o

pharynx

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

lung, air

pulmon/o

lung

sept/o

septum

sinus/o

sinus

thorac/o

thorax (chest)

tonsill/o

tonsils

trache/o

trachea

diaphragm

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

mediastinum

space between the lungs. it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

atel/o

imperfect, incomplete

capn/o

carbon dioxide

hem/o, hemato/o

blood

muc/o

mucus

orth/o

straight

ox/I, ox/o

oxygen

phon/o

sound, voice

py/

pus

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

breathe, breathing

a-, an-

absence of, without

endo-

within

eu-

normal, good

pan-

total, al

poly-

many, much

tachy-

fast, rapid

-algia

pain

-ar, ary, -eal

pertaining to

-cele

hernia or protrusion

-centesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

-ectasis

stretching out, dilatation expansion

-emia

blood condition

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-meter

instrument used to measure

-metry

measument

-pexy

surgical fixation, suspension

-pnea

breathing

-rrhagia

rapid flow of blood

-scope

instrument used for visual examination

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-spasm

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

-stenosis

constriction or narrowing

-stomy

creation of artificial opening

-thorax

chest

-tomy

cut into or incision

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)

asthma

respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing an shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that reversible between attack

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. mostly caused by cigarette smoke

coccidioidomycosis

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs or the body (also called valley fever or cocci)

cor pulmonale

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

croup

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. occurs mainly in children

cystic fibrosis

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

deviated septum

one par of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

emphysema

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

epistaxis

nosebleed

influenza

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called the flu)

legionnaire disease

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila

obstructive sleep apnea

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing

pertussis

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

pleural effusion

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

pulmonary embolism

foreign material, carried to the pulmonary artery, where it locks circulation to the lungs

tuberculosis

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

upper respiratory infection

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (also called a cold)

chest computed tomography

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back

chest radiograph

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called chest x-ray)

ventilation-perfusion scanning

a nuclear medicine procedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions (also called lung scan)

acid-fast bacilli smear

a test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

arterial blood gases

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

peak flow meter

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

pulmonary function tests

a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determine respiratory function when abnormal, the are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma

pule oximetry

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

auscultation

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart and abdomen

precussion

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained

PPD skin test

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis (also called TB skin test)

stethoscope

an instrument used to hear internal body sounds