Demography

Harper

 

Education of women= most important factor for long term decrease in birth + fertility rate.

 

Giddens + Beck

 

Changing role of women + women’s equality= most    important causation of birth rate decline. Up to 1/4  women remain childless, women prioritise careers.

 

Tranter

 

75% death rate decline due to decline in death from     infectious disease.

 

McKeown

 

Improved nutrition= 50% reduction in death rates

Philipson

 

Elderly do not serve capitalism, family must support

Vertovec

 

Super diversity. Migrants come from range of countries= more diversity.

 

Ehrenreich + Hochschild

 

Migration= become feminised. Care, domestic and sex work in western countries is done more by immigrant women. Shutes– 40% care nurses in UK are immigrants and female.

 

Castles

 

Assimilation policies marginalise minorities as ‘other’, leading to emphasis of differences.

 

Castles + Kosack

 

Assimilation may encourage racial scapegoating.       Benefits capitalism by creating racially divided working class + prevents united action.