LESSON 2: THE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

CELL MEMBRANE

AKA PLASMA MEMBRANE

CELL MEMBRANE

BARRIER AND GATEKEEPERS

CELL MEMBRANE

COMPOSED OF LIPID BILAYERS TOGETHER WITH OLIGOSACCHARIDE SIDE CHAINS

CELL MEMBRANE

SURROUNDS AND PROTECTS THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

ENVELOPES THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

HAS SENSORY DEVICE THAT PERMITS THE CELL TO RECOGNIZE AND BE RECOGNIZED BY THE OTHER CELLS AND MACROMOLECULES

CELL MEMBRANE

HAS SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE BETWEEN THE CYTOPLASM AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

CYTOPLASM

PERTAINS TO THE ENTIRE REGION OF THE CELL MEMBRANE (EXCLUDING THE NUCLEUS)

CYTOPLASM

AKA “SOUP” OF THE CELL

CYTOPLASM

WORKSPACE

CYTOPLASM

JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE INSIDE THE CELL

CYTOPLASM

WHERE MANY CHEMICAL REACTIONS HAPPEN

CYTOPLASM

HOLDS ORGANELLES IN PLACE

CYTOPLASM

HOLDS EVERYTHING TOGETHER

CYTOSKELETON, ORGANELLES, CYTOSOL

THE CYTOPLASM CONTAINS OF:

CYTOSKELETON

COMPOSED OF COLLECTIVE NETWORK OF PROTEIN FILAMENTOUS, THREAD LIKE STRUCTURE CALLED MICROTUBULES, MICROFILAMENTS

MICROTUBULES AND MICROFILAMENTS

PRODUCE A STRONG ABILITY TO SUPPORT AND MAINTAIN THE CELL SHAPE

CYTOSKELETON

FUNDAMENTAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CYTOPLASM CONTAINING PROTEIN FILAMENT THAT ASSIST THE ORGANELLES TO MOVE INSIDE

ORGANELLES

TINY PARTS INSIDE A CELL

CYTOSOL

WATER-BASED FLUID INSIDE A CELL, MADE OF WATER, DISSOLVES IONS AND PROTEINS

NUCLEUS

CONTROL CENTER

NUCLEUS

MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLE THAT CONTAINS THE GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) OF EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

NUCLEUS

BOSS

NUCLEUS

MAINTAINS THE INTEGRITY OF THE CELL BY FACILITATING TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION PROCESS

NUCLEUS

LARGEST ORGANELLE

NUCLEUS

TAKES UP ABOUT TENTH OF THE ENTIRE CELL VOLUME

NUCLEUS

CONTROLS CELL ACTIVITIES

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE, NUCLEOPLASM, NUCLEOLUS

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

HIGH REGULATED MEMBRANE BARRIER THAT SEPARATES THE NUCLEUS FROM THE CYTOPLASM IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS

NUCLEOPLASM

TYPE OF PROTOPLASM THAT’S MADE UP OF MOSTLY OF WATER, A MIXTURE OF VARIOUS MOLECULES, AND DISSOLVED IONS

NUCLEOPLASM

COMPLETELY ENCLOSED WITHIN THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE OR NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

NUCLEOPLASM

GEL-LIKE FLUID FOUND INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEOLUS

LARGEST STRUCTURE IN THE NUCLEUS OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS

NUCLEOLUS

SITE OF RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS

RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS

NATURAL PROCESS OF MAKING NEW RIBOSOMES

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES

ENCLOSED WITH SPECIALIZED SUBUNIT THAT’S LOCATED INSIDE THE CELL

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES

INDIVIDUAL ORGANELLE USUALLY ENCLOSED WITHIN ITS OWN LIPID BILAYERS

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLE

EACH LITTLE ORGAN THAT’S SUSPENDED IN THE CYTOPLASM

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

COMPLEX NETWORK OF FLATTENED SCAS AND TUBES EXTENDING FROM THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

TRANSPORT SYSTEM

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

TRANSPORTS SUBSTRANCES THROUGH THE INSIDE OF THE CELL

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

SYNTHESIZES (COMBINES) LIPIDS, ENZYMES, AND PROTEINS

ROUGH ER

ER WITH RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO IT

ROUGH ER

PRODUCES AND TRANSPORTS PROTEINS

SMOOTH ER

PRODUCES LIPIDS (FATS)

SMOOTH ER

HELPS DETOXIFY (REMOVE) HARMFUL SUBSTANCES

SMOOTH ER

ATTACHED TO ROUGH ER

SMOOTH ER

ER WITHOUT RIBOSOMES ON ITS SURFACE

RIBOSOMES

BUILDERS

RIBOSOMES

SITE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

RIBOSOMES

ATTACHED TO ROUGH ER OR FLOATING FREELY IN THE CYTOSOL

RIBOSOMES

PRODUCED IN THE NUCLEOLUS

RIBOSOMES

MADE UP OF RNA

RIBOSOMES

CREATES PROTEINS NEEDED FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR

RIBOSOMES

READS GENETIC CODES

GOLGI BODIES

POST-OFFICE

GOLDI BODIES

FLATTENED STACKS OF MEMBRANES THAT MODIFY THE PROTEINS (POLYPEPTIDES) AND LIPIDS AND THEN PACKAGED INTO A SMALL, MEMBRANE ENCLOSED ORGANELLE CALLED A VESICLE

GOLGI BODIES

PACKAGING CENTER

GOLGI BODIES

MODIFIES, SORTS, AND PACKAGES PROTEINS, SENDING THEM TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE CELL

MITOCHONDRIA

ENERGY FACTORY

MITOCHONDRIA

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

MITOCHONDRIA

LOCATION WHEREIN ENERGY PRODUCES ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

ENERGY CARRYING MOLECULE USED BY ALL LIVING CELLS TO POWER DAILY FUNCTIONS, MOVEMENTS, AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

MITOCHONDRIA

CONVERTS FOOD INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY

VACUOLE

SINGLE MEMBRANE SAC THAT PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE STORAGE OF MATERIALS, RELEASING CELLULAR WASTE PRODUCTS CONDUCTING INTERCELLULAR DIGESTION, AND MAINTAINING HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

WATER PRESSURE INSIDE A CELL THAT HELPS IT KEEP ITS SHAPE

VACUOLE

FLUID-FILLED STORAGE BUBBLE INSIDE A CELL THAT GENERATES THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE NEEDED TO KEEP THE CELL RIGID

VACUOLE

MEMBRANE-BOUND SAC THAT STORES WATER, FOOD, NUTRIENTS, AND WASTE

CELLULAR DIGESTION

BREAKING DOWN MOLECULES AND UNWANTED MATERIALS

CELLULAR DIGESTION

RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS AND CELLULAR MAINTENANCE

LYSOSOMES

CLEANERS

LYSOSOMES

SMALL MEMBRANE-BORDED STRUCTURE THAT CONTAINS POWERFUL ENZYMES NECESSARY FOR CELLULAR DIGESTION

LYSOSOMES

GARBAGE DISPOSAL OF THE CELL

LYSOSOMES

RECYCLING CENTER

LYSOSOMES

BREAKS DOWN WASTE

LYSOSOMES

DESTROYS OLD CELL PARTS

LYSOSOMES

DIGEST WASTES, OLD CELL PARTS, AND OUTSIDE INVADERS LIKE BACTERIA

GLYCOCALYX

CELL COAT

GLYCOCALYX

LOCATED IN THE OUTER PART OF THE ANIMAL CELL

GLYCOCALYX

FUNCTION IS CELL RECOGNITION AND CELLULAR ADHESION

GLYCOCALYX

GEL-LIKE SUGAR COATING ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF CELL MEMBRANES

GLYCOCALYX

ACTS AS A PROTECTIVE BARRIER, HELPS CELLS RECOGNIZE EACH OTHER AND REGULATES BLOOD FLOW IN VESSELS

GLYCOCALYX

ACTS AS AN ID TAG SO THE BODY KNOWS ITS OWN CELLS FROM INVADERS

CELLULAR ADHESION

HOW CELLS ATTACH TO EACH OTHER OR TO A SURROUNDING MATRIX USING SPECIAL SURFACE PROTEINS CALLED CELL ADHESION MOLECULES (CAM)

PEROXISOMES

MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES THAT CONTAIN AN ABUNDANCE OF ENZYMES FOR DETOXIFYING HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AND LIPID METABOLISM

PEROXISOMES

BREAKS DOWN FATTY ACIDS, CLEAN OUT TOXIC WASTES LIKE ALCOHOL, AND CHANGES DANGEROUS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INTO SAFE WATER

PEROXISOMES

BREAKS DOWN FATTY ACCIDS AND DETOXIFY HARMFUL CHEMICALS

PLASTIDS

LARGEST ORGANELLE IN PLANT CELLS

PLASTIDS

DISK SHAPED PIGMENTS CONTAINING STORAGE ORGANELLES FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROTISTS

PLASTIDS

PRIMARILLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MANUFACTURING AND STORING FOOD

CHLOROPLASTIDS, CHROMOPLASTIDS, LEUCOPLASTIDS

TYPES OF PLASTIDS

CHLOROPLASTIDS

CONTAINS CHLOROPHYLL THAT DRIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHLOROPLASTIDS

GREEN PIGMENT

CHROMOPLASTIDS

COLORED PIGMENTS LIKE RED, YELLOW, AND ORANGE

LEUCOPLASTIDS

WHITE AND COLORLESS PIGMENT

CENTROSOME

ORGANELLE THAT’S THE MAIN PLACE WHERE CELL MICROTUBULES ARE ORGANIZED

CENTROSOME

REGULATED THE CELL DIVISION CYCLE, THE STAGES WHICH LEAD UP TO ONE CELL DIVIDING IN TWO

CENTROSOME

HELPS ORGANIZE TINY TUBES (MICROTUBULES)

CENTROSOMES

GUIDES AND REGULATED THE CELL DIVISION