chemistry

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element.

Element

A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom, contributing to the mass number.

Electron

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus in electron shells.

Ionic Bond

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, resulting in electrostatic attraction.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

Hydrogen Bonding

The strongest intermolecular force occurring when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, attracting another such atom.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.