Forensic Midterm-Lecture 1

Mathieu Orfila

One of the founders of Forensic Toxicology

Alphonse Bertillon

Devised the first scientific system for personal identification.

“Father of criminal identification”

Francis Galton

Developed classification system for filling fingerprints

Hans Gross

First to describe the application of science to the field of criminal investigation

Karl Landsteiner & Leone Lattes

Landsteiner: Discovered the ABO Blood classification groups

Lattes: Developed procedure for determining blood groups

Calvin Goddard

Developed techniques to examine bullets using a Comparison Microscope.

Albert S. Osborn

Father of Question Document examination

Edmond Locard

“Locards Exchange Principle”

“Everything in constant leaves a trace”

Francess Glessner Lee

Mother of forensic science

First female captain of NH state police

Created dioramas of crime scenes

Dr. Sarah Bisel

Pioneered the analysis of skeletons and forensic anthropology

Walter C. McCrone

World’s prominent microscopists

Porntip Rojanasunan

“Dr. Death”

Thailand’s prominent forensic scientist

Most important case: identifying victims from 2004 tsunami in Indian Ocean

Clea Koff

“Bone Woman”

Founded the Missing Persons Identification Resource Center

Famous for her contributions to identification of victims from large genocides

Scene Examination

• CSI, Reconstruction

• Forensic Entomology

• Dogs & Sensors

• Fire & Explosion Investigation

CSI, Reconstruction

• Processing crime scene, collect and Preserve evidence.

Forensic Entomology

• Study insects

• Helps determine time and place of death

Dogs & Sensors

Support law enforcement and first responders with detecting

Fire & Explosion

Advanced technical background with fire protection & investigation

Forensic Medicine

• Forensic Pathology

• Forensic Anthropology

• Forensic Nursing

• Forensic Odontology

Forensic Pathology

Determine cause and time of death through autopsy

Forensic Anthropology

Identify unrecognizable remains

Forensic Nursing

• Collecting evidence

• Working with victims

• Working with medical examiners

Forensic Odontology

• Identification of human remains through dental records

• Analyze bite marks

Forensic Biology

• Forensic Serology

• Wildlife Forensic Biology

• DNA & Genetic Testing

• DNA & Genetic Testing: Non-human

Forensic Serology

Presumptively identify biological materials

Wildlife Forensic Biology

Investigating Wildlife Crime

DNA & Genetic Testing

• Extract, amplify, and analyze DNA

• Compare DNA profiles

DNA & Genetic Testing

• Bioterrorism

• Human Identification-microbiome

Forensic Chemistry

• Seized-Drug Analysis

• Trace Evidence Analysis

• Forensic Toxicology

• Ignitable liquids, Explosive, GSR

Seized-Drug Analysis

Identify and quantitate a wide range of illegal substances seized by the state

Trace Evidence Analysis

Examine and compare trace evidence

Forensic Toxicology

Extract, identify, and quantitate alcohol and drugs and their metabolities from biological specimens

Ignitable liquids, Explosive, GSR

• Deal with evidence from suspicious fires and explosives

• Identify explosives recovered

• Gunshot residue detection

Physical/Pattern Interpretation

• Fingerprint Analysis

• Forensic Documentation Examination

• Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

• Marks & Impressions

• Firearm & Ballistics

Fingerprint Analysis

Find agreement or disagreement between the unknown print and known print

Forensic Documentation Examination

Analyzes documentary evidence to determine origin or authenticity

Bloodstain Pattern Anlysis

Reconstruct the bloodshed event using size, shape, and distribution patterns of the bloodstains

Marks & Impressions

Footwear and tire track impressions

Firearm & Ballistics

Examine, compare, and identify firearms and firearms related evidence

Digital Forensic

Recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices related to cybercrime.

Other areas

• Forensic Psychology

• Forensic Engineering

• Forensic Psychiatry

Forensic Psychology

Determine suspect and victim competence to stand trial

Forensic Engineering

Investigate structural failures

Forensic Psychiatry

• Determine suspect and victim competence to stand trial

• Assess mental illness