Endocrine - Pathological Conditions

Hypoparathroidism

Endocrine gland: parathyroid

Hormone lvls: ↓ parathyroid hormone

Signs: ↓ calcium serum levels, ↓ phosphate serum levels

Symptoms: twitches, spasms & tetany

Hyperparathyroidism

Endocrine gland: parathyroid

Hormone lvls: ↓ parathyroid hormone

Signs: ↑ calcium serum levels, ↑ phosphate serum levels

Symptoms: fatigue, depression, nausea/acid reflux, memory deterioration

Cushing’s Syndrome

Endocrine gland: adrenal cortex

Hormone lvls: ↑ cortisol

Signs: ↑ glucose serum levels, ↑ sodium serum levels, ↑ blood pressure

Symptoms: fatigue, skin injuries slow to heal, weak muscles, mood changes/depression

Addison’s Disease - ↓ Aldosterone

Endocrine gland: adrenal cortex

Hormone lvls: ↓ aldosterone

Signs: ↓ sodium serum levels, ↑ potassium serum levels - weight loss & dehydration

Symptoms: fatigue, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, salt craving

Addison’s Disease - ↓ Cortisol

Endocrine gland: adrenal cortex

Hormone lvls: ↓ cortisol

Signs: ↓ glucose serum levels, ↓ blood pressure - weight loss, dehydration

Symptoms: fatigue, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, salt craving

Diabetes Mellitus Type I

Endocrine gland: pancreas

Hormone lvls: ↓ insulin

Signs: ↑ glucose serum levels - dehydration, weight loss

Symptoms: frequent urination, fatigue, extreme hunger

Diabetes Insipidus

Endocrine gland: posterior pituitary

Hormone lvls: ↓ ADH

Signs: ↓ specific gravity of urine

Symptoms: polyuria, thirst