Atheism vs theism

God is the best explanation for the beginning of the universe

What is a basic summary of the Kalam Cosmological Argument?

God is the best explanation for the fine-tuning of the universe for intelligent life

What is a basic summary of the fine-tuning argument?

God is the best explanation for objective moral values and duties

What is a basic summary of the moral argument?

God is the best explanation why anything exists rather than nothing

What is a basic summary of the argument from contingency?

George Lamaitre

Who first proposed the theory of the Big Bang?

Begins

P1. Whatever ______ to exist has a cause. (Kalam)

out of nothing, nothing comes

What intuition does the first premise of the Kalam argument speak to?

eternal calendar and aunt Mildred's flower shop

P2. The universe began to exist. What two philosophical illustrations did we use to demonstrate the universe isn't eternal? (choose two)

second law of thermodynamics

What scientific law tells us that the universe isn't eternal?

primeval atom theory

What was the Big Bang theory originally called?

something that doesn't have to exist

In the contingency argument, what does "contingent" mean?

principle of sufficient reason

What is the principle that everything that exists must have an explanation of its existence called?

necessary

Are the three corners of a triangle contingent or necessary?

contingent

Is a triangle's color contingent or necessary?

Lebniz

Who's the famous philosopher that formulated our version of the contingency argument?

the universe explains itself, the universe has no explanation, the universe has an explanation outside of itself in something that explains itself

When boiling down the options for the explanation of the universe, what are we left with? (choose as many as apply)

teleological

Into what category of arguments for God's existence does the fine-tuning argument fit?

goal

What does "telos" mean?

biological evolution

What has been a modern scientific argument against design of the universe arguments for God's existence?

letters in scientific equations that represent unchanging numbers

What are "constants" in the fine-tuning argument?

the amount of matter and energy present at the beginning of the universe

What are "conditions" in the fine-tuning argument?

marching band, firing squad

What two illustrations did we use to demonstrate that fine-tuning isn't by coincidence. (choose two)

reason, society, evolution

Choose three potential sources for objective moral truths besides God:

evolution may explain why we act in certain ways, but it doesn't explain why we should or should not act in those ways

Why can't instinct be the source of morality?

how can i be the source of a duty that compels me to act against my own interests

Why can't the individual be the source of morality?

science has no way to bridge the gap between "is" and "ought"

Why can't reason be the source of morality?

objective moral truths exist

What's the first premise of the moral argument?

relates to what is good or bad

What's a moral value?

commands that must be obeyed

What's a moral duty?

by personal experience of God

How do most people come to belief in God?

theists are in a similar position

What's the point of the the Jodie Foster clips from the movie "Contact"?

lack of a belief in God

How do many atheists today define atheism?

doesn't known if God exists

What is agnosticism?

as an infinite being there is no context for him having moral duties and obligations

What do philosophers mean when it is said that God is not a moral agent?

nurse, parent, student, teacher

What are some examples of a moral agent having duties and obligations? (FIATA)

relative, parasitic of the good, negative (privation)

Choose the three elements that define what evil is: