102 Block2

Four forces of flight

* Lift 
* Weight 
* Thrust 
* Drag 

what is steady flight?

Lift=weight 

Thrust=drag 

changing flight conditions - Acceleration

thrust exceeds drag

changing flight conditions - deceleration

drag exceeds thrust

what is the leading edge of the wing

Camber

can you change the angle of incidence

no

what is bernoulli’s principle - velocity

Velocity increases pressure decreases 

what is bernoulli’s principle - pressure

Over wing low pressure high velocity 

Under wing high pressure low velocity 

newtons 3rd law

Wind hits wing on bottom wing goes up 

factors effecting lift

planform

camber

aspect ratio

air density

airfoil velocity

angle of attack

wing flaps

what is planform

looking down from the top - view of plane

where is elliptical wing used

aerobatic

most common wing shape

tapered and rectangular

what type of wing does the archer have

rectangular

what used delta wings

space shuttle

what used a swept wing

airliner

what is camber

side shape of airplane wing

what is asymmetrical wing shape

not the same top to bottom

what is symmetrical wing shape

the same top to bottom

what is aspect ratio

wingspan/average cord

does a longer or shorter wing get more lift

longer

air density

as density decreases, lift decreases

airfoil velocity

as velocity decreases, lift increases

angle of attack

higher angle of attack, the more lift

there is a limit

wing flaps

changes

* cordline
* camber
* angle of attack
* lift
* drag

how much flaps do you add in short field

25

the different types of flaps

plain

split

slotted

fowler

what type of flaps does the archer have

slotted and plain

why do stalls happen

no air above wing

the air separates from the wing

what speed can a stall happen

any airspeed

where do you stall first on the wing

wing root and leading edge

factors that effect stall

aircraft weight

cg location

load factor

power on

slaps

frost

turbulence

stall - aircraft weight

heavier weight higher stall speed

stall - cg location

aft makes plane feel tail heavy

forward makes plane feel nose heavy

stall - load factor

banking changes the stall speed

more bank higher stall speed

flaps can help

stall - power on

will decrease stall speed

take longer to stall

stall - flaps

decreases stall speed

stall - frost

increases stall speed

stall - turbulence

increases stall speed

how can you tell a stall is about to happen

buffeting, controls become less effective, stall horn

what way do you look for a power on stall

up

where are stalls more suitable to occur

critical fazes of flight

base to final

take off

stages of a stall

entry, incipient, developed, and recovery

how to recover from a stall

push nose down

level the wing

apply full power

how to recover from a stall with flaps

accelerate to Vx to Vy

retract flaps slowly

why do wingtip vortices happen

high pressure wants to go to low pressure

where do wingtip vortices happen

on the wing tip

spiral trailing the wing

when do wingtip vortices happen

anytime we are creating lift

factors effecting wingtip vortices strength

speed, weight, angle of attack, wing configuration, proximity to the ground

wingtip vortices - speed

faster moving vortices decrease

wingtip vortices - weight

more weight vortices increase

wingtip vortices - angle of attack

higher angles of attack increased vortices

wingtip vortices - wing configuration

clean configuration increases vortices

wingtip vortices - proximity to ground

closer to ground increases vortices

when are wingtip vortices the strongest

when you are heavy, clean, and slow

where do you wanna take off - vortices

above departing aircraft flight path

where do you want to land- behind departing aircraft - vortices

touchdown prior to the departing aircrafts rotation point

where do you want to land - arriving aircraft - vortices

plan to touchdown after arriving aircraft

what is ground effect

getting lift without drag

where do you want ground effect

grass runway

where does ground effect happen in respects of the airplane

one wingspan of the airplane

how to correctly use ground effect

accelerate to Vy

push plane down

what are the two types of drag

parasite and induced

what is skin friction drag

anything that interferes with smooth airflow

think a swimmer

frost

rivets on an aircraft

what is form drag

the shape of the aircraft

smooth car vs box car

what is interference drag

changing the overall shape

landing gear

what is induced drag

when you get lift you get drag

how does speed effect drag

the faster you go the more parasite drag and the less induced drag

what is thrust

the force that moves forward

what is weight

gravity

need enough to counteract lift

how to move longitudinal axis

ailerons

how to move lateral axis

stabikator

how to move the vertical axis

rudder

what is stability

tendency to return to original state when disturbed

what is static stability

what happens right away when the aircraft is discturbed

what is positive static stability

initial tendency to return to original position

what is neutral static stability

tendency to remain at the new position

what is negative static stability

tendency to continue away from the original position

what is dynamic stability

what the tendency of the aircraft is over time

what is positive dynamic stability

the tendency of an aircraft to dampen toward the original position

what is neutral dynamic stability

the tendency to dampen back to the original position once disturbed to a new position

what is negative dynamic stability

the tendency of an aircraft to trend away from original posistion

lateral stability

longitudinal axis

roll

directional stability

vertical axis

yaw

how does speed effect turn preformance

slower speed will have tighter turns

what is a slip

excessive bank angle

what is a skid

insufficient bank angle

what is a spin

stalling with uncoordinated rudders

what are stages of a spin

incipient, developed, recovery

how to recover from a spin

Rudder in opposite direction 

Push nose forward 

Power idle 

left turning tendencies

Torque, P-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession

what is torque

prop sins clockwise

prop spins aircraft to the left

p-factor

descending prop have more angle of attack

ascending blade has less angle of attack

spiraling slipstream

the flow of air off prop makes air turn clockwise, left, motion

yaw to the left

gyroscopic precession

more in tail wheel aircrafts

what is a gyro

spinning object

CD

the force will not be felt where the force is applied, 90 degree turn to the direction of the turn

Vo

maneuvering speed

what can you do at Vo

it will stall before it breaks

how does Vo vary with weight

more weight Vo increases

less weight Vo decreases

what g do you feel heavier

positive gs