Freedoms of the Air

Freedoms of the Air

are international commercial aviation agreements (traffic rights)

that grant a country's airline(s) the privilege to enter and land in another country's airspace.

International

Air Services Transit Agreement.

Most nations of the world exchange first and second freedoms through _____

First Freedom

The negotiated right for an airline

from country (A) to overfly another country's (B) airspace.

Second Freedom

The right for a commercial aircraft

from country (A) to land and refuel (commonly referred to as a technical stop) in another country (B).

Third Freedom

The right for an airline to deliver revenue

passengers from the airline's home country (A) to another country (B).

Fourth Freedom

The right for an airline to carry revenue passengers from another country (B) to the airline's home country (A).

Fifth Freedom

(Sometimes referred to as beyond rights) The right for an airline to take passengers from its home country (A), deposit them at the destination (B) and then pick up and carry passengers on to other international destinations (C).

Sixth Freedom

To carry air traffic between two countries on two routes connected by the home country

Seventh Freedom

To carry air traffic between two countries by an airline of a third country on a route outside of its home country

Eighth Freedom

The right for an airline to carry passengers from one point in the territory of a country (B) to another point within the same country on a flight that originates in the airline's home country (A). This freedom is also known as cabotage, and is extremely rare outside of Europe.

Ninth Freedom

The right for an airline from a particular country (A) to originate a flight in a foreign country (B) and carry passengers from one point to another within the foreign country. Also known as stand alone cabotage. It differs from the aviation definition of true cabotage, in that it does not directly relate to

one's own country.

First and Second freedom

Transit rights

Third, Fourth, and Fifth freedom

Commercial freedoms