Motivation

Motivation

The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behaviour.

Key characteristics of motivation

Includes being internal, goal-directed, energizing behaviour, and sustaining behaviour.

Biological motivation

An example of motivation that helps maintain the body's energy balance, such as hunger.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory that outlines levels of human needs from physiological to self-actualization.

Self-Actualisation

The desire to reach one's full potential, unique to each individual.

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity because it is enjoyable, interesting, or personally satisfying.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity because of external rewards, pressures, or consequences.

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

A theory stating motivation is driven by the needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Behaviour is driven by unconscious motives and instincts.

Behaviourist Perspective

Behaviour is motivated by rewards and punishments.

Humanistic Perspective

People are motivated by personal growth and reaching their potential.

Cognitive Perspective

Motivation is influenced by thoughts, goals, expectations, and beliefs.

Evolutionary Perspective

Behaviour is motivated by survival and reproduction.

Determinants of Eating Behaviour

Factors influencing eating include biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

Biological factors influencing eating behaviour

Includes hunger signals, hormones, and metabolism.

Belonging Needs

Needs related to relationships and social connections; when unmet, they can lead to loneliness.

Esteem Needs

Needs related to self-esteem and recognition; when unmet, feelings of inferiority may arise.

Internal esteem needs

Include confidence, competence, and mastery.

External esteem needs

Include respect, recognition, and status.

Criticisms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Limited support, hierarchy not always fixed, cultural differences in need prioritization.