(copy) Unit I Introduction to Sports Medicine

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint

Appendicular Skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Articular Cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

Axial Skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Bone

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

Bursa

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Cancellous (Spongy) Bone

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone

Cartilage

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Compact Bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Diarthrosis

freely movable joint

Epiphyseal Plate

growth plate

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Erythrocyte

red blood cell

Fibrocartilage

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.

Flat Bones

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

Hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose

Irregular Bones

bones of the vertebrae and face

Leukocyte

white blood cell

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Long Bones

bones that are longer than they are wide

Medullary Canal (Cavity)

In the center containing bone marrow

Osseous Tissue

bone tissue

Ossification

process of bone formation

Osteoblast

bone-forming cell

Osteoclast

Bone-destroying cells

Osteocyte

mature bone cell

Pelvic Girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

Red Bone Marrow

produces red and white blood cells and platelets

Sesamoid Bones

bones embedded in tendons

Short Bones

carpals and tarsals

Shoulder Girdle

clavicle and scapula

Skeletal Muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

Skeletal System

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

Synarthrosis

immovable joint

Synovial joint

freely movable joint

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Yellow Bone Marrow

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

Anterior

toward the front

Distal

Away from the heart

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Posterior

toward the back

Proximal

Closer to the heart

Sagittal Plane

divides body into left and right

Superior

toward the head

Transverse Plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Acute

New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Chronic

Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute

Contusion

bruise, injury

Crepitus

a crackling or grating sound usually of bones

Dislocation

Displacement of a bone from a joint

Ecchymosis

bruising/discoloration

Edema

swelling

Fracture

Any crack or break in a bone

Hematoma

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Hemostasis

stoppage of bleeding

Inflammation

a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues

Inflammatory Phase

the initial phase of wound healing in which bleeding is reduced as blood vessels in the affected area constrict

proliferation Phase

the third phase of wound healing, in which scar tissue forms

Proliferation Phase

The second phase of wound healing, in which new tissue forms, closing off the wound.

Sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments

Strain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

Stress Reaction (Fracture)

Overuse injury to a bone

Sub Acute

between acute and chronic

Subluxation

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Tendinitis

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Tendinosis

degeneration of a tendon believed to be caused by microtears in the tendon connective tissue

Abdominal

pertaining to the abdomen

Antebrachial

forearm

Axillary

pertaining to the armpit

Brachial

pertaining to the upper arm

Carpal

pertaining to the wrist

Caudal

pertaining to the tail

Costal

pertaining to the ribs

Cranial

head

Crural

lower leg

Cubital

elbow

Femoral

pertaining to the thigh

Genu

Of or pertaining to the knee

Occipital

back of head

Pectoral

pertaining to the chest

Pedal

pertaining to the foot

Pelvic

pelvis region

Sternal

breastbone area

Sural

Calf or posterior surface of the leg

Tarsal

ankle region

Condyle

rounded articular projection

Crest

Ridgelike Projection

Facet

small, flat articular surface

Foramen

hole in a bone

Fossa

Deep or Shallow depression on a bone

Ramus

Projection extension

Line

Slightly raised ridge