Psychiatric Disorders and Related Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to psychiatric disorders and their symptoms.

Schizophrenia

A mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and impaired functioning.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms that involve the presence of abnormal behaviors, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms that reflect a reduction or absence of normal emotional and behavioral functions, such as avolition or anhedonia.

Disorganized symptoms

Symptoms that include erratic speech, disorganized behavior, and inappropriate emotional responses.

Hallucinations

Perceptual experiences that occur without external stimuli, such as seeing or hearing things that are not present.

Delusions

Fixed beliefs that are resistant to reason or contrary evidence, such as persecutory or grandiose delusions.

Avolition

The inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities.

Alogia

The absence of speech or limited speech production.

Catatonia

A state of abnormal motor behavior ranging from immobility to extreme agitation.

Intellectual disability

Below-average intellectual functioning that manifests in developmental periods, affecting adaptive functioning.

Alzheimer's disease

A progressive neurocognitive disorder characterized by memory loss, orientation difficulties, and changes in behavior.

Delirium

A rapid-onset disturbance in attention and awareness due to an underlying medical condition.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving people with mental illness out of institutional settings into community-based care.

Diminished capacity

A legal standard where a defendant's ability to understand the nature of their actions is impaired.

Competence to stand trial

The ability of a defendant to understand legal proceedings and aid in their own defense.

Duty to warn

The legal obligation to inform potential victims if a patient poses a danger to them.

Vascular neurocognitive disorder

A decline in cognitive function due to problems with blood supply to the brain, often following a stroke.

Prion disease

A rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal folding of prion proteins, leading to brain damage.

Schizoaffective disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as depression or mania.