SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE

positively charged molecule

proton

negatively charged molecule

electron

a law stating that like charges __repel__ and opposite charges attract (helps us measure electrical force)

What is Coulomb’s Law?

pulling electrons from one material to another

Charge by friction

bring charged objects near, but not touching

Charge by induction

charging one side of the atom or molecule (one side of the atom is more (+) or (-) than the other

Charge by Polarization

there is a negative charge

What happens when an object is charged by fur?

there is a positive charge

What happens when an object is charged by silk?

charge easily (silver and silicon)

Conductors

hard to charge (glass)

Insulators

non-flowing charges

what are electrostatics?

Amount of free electrons (-)

What are conductors and insulators determined by?

energy a charge has due to its location

(greater when closer) ;measured in volts

Electrical Potential

the current through each of the components is the same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each component

Series circuit

the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents through each component

Parallel circuit

a force that acts at a distance due to a magnetic field. This field is caused by moving electrically charged particles or is inherent in magnetic objects such as magnets

magnetism

our magnetic field protects us from the solar wind from the sun

magnetic fields

allowing charges to flow off or on a conductor by touching it will a conductor

grounding

same number of positive and negative charges in an atom which cancel each other out

neutral charge

affect an electric field

Magnitude and direction

An electric charge is created when electrons are removed from an object. When negative charges are added to an object it becomes negatively charged and when they are removed they become positively charged.

What happens when you remove a charge from a charged object?

electric current (the greater the current the greater the magnetic field)

What produces a magnetic field?

voltage and resistance

What does the amount of current in a wire depend upon?

potential difference in a charge

What is voltage?

Resistance to a flow of charge

What is resistance?

Thickness, length and temperature of a wire

What does resistance depend upon?

must have a constant flow that is caused by a constant voltage

Electricity

less resistance

What happens when the thickness of a wire increases?

more resistance

What happens when the length of a wire increases?

more resistance

What happens when the temperature of the wire increases?

it attracts electricity

why do we use lightening rods?

hold charges well (house and trees)

Spheres

no charge buildup (charged are easily leaked)

Sharp objects

The space between objects (interactions of objects without touching)

What is a force field?

a charge alters the space around an object in such a way that another charge in the region experiences a force

How is an electric field created?

the space around an electric charge that is permitted by an electric field

What is an electric field?