AD3 PRELIM FLASHCARDS

Conceptum

Concept is from the Latin word _________ or “something” conceived”

Concept

• often defined by “a symbolic representation of a more complex and explicative detail”

• the concept should be “the reason to build” since this very act makes the work of architecture different from just a building.

• It’s not just about the final form but about the idea that gives coherence and direction to the design process.

Initial design stage

Concept development can start at this stage, often before any drawing begins.

Discussions, research, and evolves during the design process.

Concepts is formed through __________ and sometimes evolves during the __________.

Problem Definition

Project Goal and Project Objectives are set based on the Project’s needs

Initial Data Gathering

Research is done about the Project, Site and Context

Project’s needs

Project Goal and Project Objectives are set based on the _________.

Concept Development

• Design Objectives are aligned with Project Objectives

• Ideas regarding the overall Concept is made

• Design Considerations and Design Strategies are set in line with the Concept

Project Objectives

Design Objectives are always aligned with _____________.

Design Development

Architectural Drawings start to take shape in line with the Research, the Design Concept, and the needs of the Project

5 Ways a Concept Can Form

• Form-based

• Issue-based

• Context-based

• Theory-based

• Tweaked theory

Form-based

• One of the most basic origins of conceptualization

• It is the easiest to communicate because it uses known signs and symbols to communicate meanings through form.

• Symbols, objects, animals -- things of the world with identifiable meanings

3 Elements of Semiotic Triad

• Signified

• Signifier

• Object

Semiosis

connection and interaction of the 3 elements of the semiotic triad (signified, signifier, object).

Charles Peirce

Created the model of the Semiotic triad

SIGNIFIER

• Representamen

• Symbol or vehicle of meaning

OBJECT

• Referent

• Actual object

• Reinforces both signified and signifier

SIGNIFIED

• Interpretant

• Perception, abstract content

Issue-based

• Are inspired by historical events tied to the context of the project or/ and of the site.

• It can be about the symbolisms known or important to the location

• Functional, political, historical – significant issues related to the project

Context-based

• Are taken from the milieu of the site

• It can be about narratives important to the location or immediate surroundings

• Topography, neighborhood, code – respecting the milieu of the project

Theory-based

• Are taken from big ideas in the theory spectrum

• It can be an adaptation of theories near or parallel to architecture.

• Being inspired by theories and putting them into form

Expressive form (Deconstructivism)

Theory used in Walt Disney Concert Hall

Transparency & Accessibility (Democracy)

Theory used in The Reichstag

Spatial Discontinuity (Structuralism)

Theory used in Church of Sainte-Bernadette Du Banlay

Tweaked theory

• A more radical take on known theories

• Challenging known theories and putting them into form

Parti

• A simplified diagram that captures the essence of the architectural idea in a plan, section, or elevation.

• Can be seen as a visual or spatial manifestation of the concept. It often captures the essence of the concept in a simple diagram or sketch.

• They allow for the exploration of different possibilities before committing to detailed design.

• Use Diagrams to represent how Design Strategies are to be implemented in the proposal

Parti sketches

are powerful tools for communicating the core concept quickly and clearly.

Transformation of form

happens when we use the process of abstraction

ABSTRACTION

• helps in representing the symbol or its meaning.

• the connection between a symbol (Signifier) and the final architectural form (Object).

• This process is essential for creating designs that truly reflect the chosen theme

Space Planning

Involves the efficient and productive use of spaces, fitting living patterns to the architectural patterns of the space.

• Revolves around: Circulation, Inclusivity, Exclusivity

• Inside

• Client-designer

Site Planning

The artistic and functional arrangement of structures on the land and shaping the spaces between them; its aim is moral and aesthetics: to make places which enhances everyday life.

• Outside

• Multi-stakeholder

Site Analysis

Is a process that includes

• Biological Attributes

• Physical Attributes

• Cultural Attributes

• Political Attributes

Necessary for a good site analysis (Russ, 2009)

• Data gathering for preliminary planning;

• Evaluating the site for project and activity compatibility;

• Recognizing concerns requiring additional study;

• Understanding of the administrative requirements of the project (permits and approvals)

Physical Attributes

Soil, Topography, hydrology, geology, climate

Biological attributes

Vegetation, wildlife

Cultural Attributes

Utilities, Circulation, Historic, Sensory

Political Attributes

Land Use, Legal

Survey

is a checklist of information or data pertaining to the site and its immediate context.

Primary data

• Data from primary sources and other data gathered firsthand for the purpose of your project or research

• Data gathered by allied professionals and consultants for your project

Secondary Data

• Data gathered that have been collected and published for studies other than for your project or research

Multi-Sensory Architecture

Design approach that incorporates elements that appeal to sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste to create a more holistic and immersive experience

Visual Perception

• Coincidentally Borrowed

• is the psychological control, understanding, primary judging, processing, and cognition of the aspects of shape, colour, substance, and light in space.

Vision

is the straightforward presentation of things

linear structure

creates a sense of spatial stability for the viewer. Since rectangular rooms are static and unyielding, adding 3D items can boost their movement

circular areas

Without a beginning or an end, ——- are thought of as ideal shapes. It creates balance and cohesion, offers strong energy, and improves the visual space.

Higher ceilings and Lower Ceilings

_______________ make the space look open and greater even if it’s not, however ___________make the space look enclosed.

Vertical lines

• often extend beyond the observer's field of vision, giving the impression that the room is taller than it actually is

• overusing it gives off a claustrophobic or uneasy vibe

Horizontal lines

broaden the room making it appear wider than it is

Olfactory Impact

• Poor olfactory/poor indoor air quality = sick building syndrome.

• Natural ventilation is the prime factor for a regular and normal smell in a space.

Soft music

will create a feel of relaxation and a welcoming vibe.

Water features that create sound

connect the people to nature and may add volume to the space.

Haptic/ Active touch-Vision for the skin

The texture of brick, the veined surface of marble, the cold precision of steel, and the grain of wood all contribute to the tangible experience of architecture

Touching space

encourages our bodies to engage with all the architectural components, resulting in a richer experience than simply looking at them

Main purpose of building codes

are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures

National Building Code

The purpose of the ______ is to establish a set of minimum standards and requirements for the design, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance of buildings and structures. This code aims to

• Ensure Safety: Safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare by regulating building practices.

• Promote Quality: Implement modern technical knowledge in building design and construction to ensure structural integrity and durability.

• Enhance Environmental Management: Support sound environmental management and control.

• Facilitate Urban Development: Address the demands of urbanization by providing guidelines that promote safe and sustainable development

Rule 7

CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY

Rule 8

It covers general requirements for adequate light and ventilation in all buildings. It also provides guidelines for measuring site occupancy, permissible percentage of site occupancy based on land use zoning and lot area and ensuring minimum required open space on properties.

BP 344 / ACCESSIBILITY LAW

Purpose: The law aims to promote the rights of disabled persons to participate fully in social life and enjoy the same opportunities as other citizens

Scope: It applies to public and private buildings for public use, educational institutions, airports, sports and recreation centers, shopping centers, public parking places, workplaces, and public utilities

3 Qualities of a goof architectural presentation board

• Clarity

• Organization

• Creativity

CLARITY

• a student must consider the legibility of the narratives. It is important that the key points of the design solutions are easily- readable.

ORGANIZATION

Ideally all drawings and narratives should be organized based on the type of information and drawing they illustrate. Traditionally, these are laid out according to the following classifications: - -

• General Narrative

• The Site

• Plans

• Façade and Section

GENERAL NARRATIVE

This section explains the ideation process behind the design solution. Its basic inclusions are as follows:

• Project Objectives

• Design Concept, Philosophy, Objectives and Considerations

• Evolution of forms

• Bubble Diagrams and Space Adjacency Matrix

Commonly encapsulated in a Concept Sheet.

Parti Pris or architectural diagrams and sketches are more helpful in substantiating the design narrative

a major sizeable illustration such as the exterior or aerial perspective is best provided within this section for a more impactful visual deliver

THE SITE

This section includes site analyses, parameters of the project site and the site development plan. Basic drawings and information would be as follows:

• Solar and Wind Orientation

• Site Topography

• Site Photos

• Traffic study

• Location and Vicinity Map

PLANS

The floor plans are among the most scrutinized architectural illustrations in a presentation board. Therefore, it is best that these drawings should be laid out in the most direct manner.

ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS

The elevations and sections provide the vertical features of the building

VISUAL HIERARCHY

In a presentation board, it is best to create visual balance by designating one drawing as a highlight, while the other illustrations, albeit maybe equally-important, can be repressented with lesser visual weight.

CONSISTENCY

Numerous drawings presented in a single board can be visually-straining. But by showing consistency both in rendering style and in typology, a presentation board can look united and thus lighter to the eyes

Sacred Architecture

is much more than just the design of a building; it’s about creating environments that offer reflection, worship, and community.

Symbols

It is the immediate visual or experiential sign that the viewer encounters.

Metaphors

they represent abstract ideas through physical forms

Representamens

the initial signs or forms that are perceived. However, they diverge in the complexity of their Objects and the richness of their Interpretants

Light

• Symbol of the Divine

• Symbolism: Represents the divine, enlightenment, and purity across various traditions

Geometry and Proportion

• Symbolism: Sacred geometry (circles, squares) and proportions (Golden Ratio) symbolize the cosmos and divine order

Natural Elements and Materials

• Symbolism: Earth, water, air, and fire symbolize fundamental spiritual concepts in various traditions.

Orientation and Axis Mundi

• Symbolism: The orientation of sacred buildings often symbolizes the connection between the earthly and the divine, with many structures aligned to celestial bodies (like the sun or specific stars) to mark important events or directions of spiritual significance.

Water

• as a Symbol of Purification and Life

• Symbolism: symbolizes purification, life, and renewal in many religious traditions. In sacred architecture, water features often serve both a symbolic and a practical role, such as in ritual cleansing or creating a serene atmosphere

Verticality and the Ascent to the Divine

• Symbolism: The verticality of sacred structures often symbolizes the ascent to the divine or the heavens. This is evident in spires, towers, and pyramidal forms, which draw the eye upwards and signify spiritual elevation.

Thresholds and Transition Spaces

• Symbolism: Thresholds, doorways, and transitional spaces in sacred architecture often symbolize the passage from the profane to the sacred. These spaces mark the boundary between the ordinary world and the sacred space within

The Circle

• as a Symbol of Unity and Eternity

• Symbolism: The —— is a powerful symbol in sacred architecture, representing unity, wholeness, eternity, and the cyclical nature of life. Circular forms are often used in sacred spaces to signify completeness and the infinite.

Pathways and Pilgrimage Routes

• Symbolism: Pathways, labyrinths, and pilgrimage routes within or leading to sacred architecture symbolize the spiritual journey, representing the process of seeking and encountering the divine.

Sound and Acoustics

• Symbolism: Sound and acoustics in sacred spaces are carefully designed to enhance the spiritual experience, symbolizing the voice of the divine or the harmonies of the cosmos.

Gavin Stamp,

• Explored the evolution of sacred architecture in the 20th century.

• Modern shift: reflects a broader cultural shift towards secularism, while still striving to retain the symbolic and metaphorical power of religious architecture. (non-denominational, and ecumenical approach)