Exam 2: Concepts

Which heart wave is larger in the frog heart, the one corresponding to atrial contraction or the one corresponding to ventricular contraction?

ventricular

What is the effect on heart rate in the frog of atropine?

increases

What is the innermost tunic of a cardiovascular vessel called?

tunica intima

What is the circulatory pathway that supplies and drains the entire body?

systemic

What is the circulatory pathway that supplies the brain and serves as an anastomosis (confluence of vessels providing alternate pathways in case of obstruction)?

circle of willis

What do we call blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

What blood vessel does the deep femoral artery arise from?

external iliac artery

The hepatic portal vein drains blood from the intestines into what structure?

liver

A heart rate below 60 beats/min is referred to as _______

bradycardia

What cardiac event results in the "T" wave?

ventricular repolarization

Which structure in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart is called the pacemaker?

sinoatrial node

What effect does increased blood volume tend to have on blood pressure?

increases

What effect does decreased blood volume tend to have on blood pressure?

decreases

What is the higher pressure measurement of a blood pressure reading called?

systolic

What are the sounds that indicate the resumption of blood flow into the forearm after the pressure has been eased from a blood pressure cuff?

sound of korotkoff

What is the device used to measure blood pressure called?

sphygmomanometer

Which organ system collects and filters interstitial fluid from the tissues and returns it to the cardiovascular system?

lymphatic system

What type of lymphocytes mediate cellular immunity?

T lymphocytes

What is a normal value for blood pressure?

120/80 mm Hg

Is it possible to achieve tetany by applying multiple stimuli to the frog heart?

no

What is the middle tunic of a cardiovascular vessel called?

tunica media

At what stage of life does the circulation bypass the lungs?

fetal stage

What do we call blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart?

veins

What blood vessel does the internal iliac artery arise from?

common iliac artery

What vessel does the brachial vein drain into?

axillary vein

A condition of rapid uncoordinated heart contractions is referred to as ______

fibrillation

What cardiac event results in the "P" wave?

atrial depolarization

What is the general term for the three wall layers of a cardiovascular vessel?

tunics

What is the circulatory pathway that supplies and drains the lungs?

pulmonary

What vessel does the ulnar vein drain into?

brachial vein

A heart rate of over 100 beats/min is referred to as _______

tachycardia

What cardiac event results in the "P" wave?

atrial depolarization

What effect does increased blood viscosity tend to have on blood pressure?

increases

What is the effect on heart rate in the frog of pilocarpine?

decreases

What is the lower pressure measurement of a blood pressure reading called?

diastolic

Which artery did we listen to while we determined blood pressure?

brachial artery

What is the effect on heart rate in the frog of lowered temperature?

decreases

Name the second vessel to branch off of the aortic arch.

left common carotid artery

What cardiac event results in the QRS complex?

ventricular depolarization

What effect does decreased vessel diameter tend to have on blood pressure?

increases

What effect does decreased blood viscosity tend to have on blood pressure?

decreases

Which artery did we listen to while we determined blood pressure?

brachial artery

What do we call the vessel that collects interstitial fluid from the tissues of the right upper extremity, head, and thorax, and empties it into the right subclavian vein where it meets the internal jugular vein? (Note: this vessel is not present in all individuals.)

right lymphatic duct

During which portion of the ventricular contraction cycle was it possible to produce an extrasystole?

relaxation period

What is the effect on heart rate in the frog of epinephrine?

increases

What is the circulatory pathway that drains into the liver from the intestines?

hepatic portal vein

What blood vessel does the renal artery arise from?

aorta

What arterial structure supplied by the internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery surrounds the pituitary and optic chiasm?

Circle of Willis

What do we call the interstitial fluid collected from the tissues and returned to the blood vessels?

lymph

Where do the stem cells that give rise to lymphcytes originate?

bone marrow

Is it possible to achieve tetany by applying multiple stimuli to the frog heart?

no

What is the outermost tunic of a cardiovascular vessel called?

tunica externa

What blood vessel does the common hepatic artery arise from?

celiac trunk

What vessel does the external jugular vein drain into?

subclavian vein

Do the apical pulse sounds occur at the same time as the radial pulse sounds?

no

What do we call the vessel that collects interstitial fluid from the tissues of the left upper extremity, head, and thorax, and the abdomen and lower extremities, and empties it into the left subclavian vein where it meets the internal jugular vein? (Note: In some individuals, this vessel collects interstitial fluid from the entire body.)

thoracic duct

What is the effect on heart rate in the frog of digitalis?

decreases

What blood vessel does the radial artery arise from?

brachial artery

What two vessels unite to form the superior vena cava?

right and left brachiocephalic veins

Do the apical pulse sounds occur at the same time as the radial pulse sounds?

no

Name the three areas of the body where lymph nodes are densely clustered together

inguinal

axillary

cervical

What do we call the bean-shaped organs that filter and clean interstitial fliud from the tissues as it is transported back to the blood vessels?

lymph nodes

What cell type is the primary inhabitant of the medulla of lymph nodes?

macrophages

What blood vessel does the ulnar artery arise from?

brachial artery

What do we call the vessel that collects interstitial fluid from the tissues of the left upper extremity, head, and thorax, and the abdomen and lower extremities, and empties it into the left subclavian vein where it meets the internal jugular vein? (Note: In some individuals, this vessel collects interstitial fluid from the entire body.)

thoracic duct

What type of lymphocytes mediate humoral immunity?

B lymphocytes