MMSC200 Exam 1 (University of Delaware, Dr. Narula)

combining form

word root plus a vowel

aden/o

gland

arthr/o

joint

bi/o

life

carcin/o

cancer

cephal/o

head

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

cis/o

to cut

crin/o

to secrete (to form and give off)

cyst/o

urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)

cyt/o

cell

derm/o

skin

dermat/o

skin

electr/o

electricity

encephal/o

brain

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

erythr/o

red

gastr/o

stomach

glyc/o

sugar

gnos/o

knowledge

gynec/o

woman, female

hemat/o

blood

hem/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

iatr/o

treatment, physician

leuk/o

white

log/o

study of

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

onc/o

tumor, cancer

ophthalm/o

eye

oste/o

bone

path/o

disease

ped/o

child

psych/o

mind

radi/o

x-rays

ren/o

kidney

rhin/o

nose

sarc/o

flesh

sect/o

to cut

thromb/o

clot, clotting

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

-ac

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

excision, removal

-emia

blood condition

-genic

pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in

-globin

protein

-gram

to record

-ic

pertaining to

-ical

pertaining to

-ion

process

-ist

specialist

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-oma

tumor, mass

-opsy

process of viewing

-osis

condition, usually abnormal

-pathy

disease condition

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-sis

state of, condition

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

-y

process, condition

a-

no, not, without

an-

no, not, without

aut-

self, own

auto-

self, own

dia-

complete, through

endo-

within

epi-

above, upon

ex-

out, outside of, outward

exo-

out, outside of, outward

hyper-

excessive, above, more than normal

hypo-

deficient, below, under, less than normal

in-

into, in

peri-

surrounding, around

pro-

before, forward

re-

back, backward, again

retro-

behind

sub-

under, below

trans-

across, through

anabolism

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

catabolism

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

cell membrane

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

chromosomes

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. 46 in every cell except the egg and the sprem

DNA

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

genes

regions of DNA within each chromosome

karyotype

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

metabolism

total of the chemical processes in a cell. Includes catabolism and anabolism

mitchondria

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy for the cell

nucleus

Control center of the cell. contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

digestive system

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

urinary or excretory system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

respiratory system

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

reproductive system

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

endocrine system

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands