Basic History of Civilization 15

Important events that characterised the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe

1. The Romantic Movement

2.Multitudinous revolutions and counterrevolutions

3. An international congress

4. Important social reforms

What did the Romantic Movement become?

It became the reaction of western civilzation and its intellectual community against the Enlightenment and the era of the French Revolution with their emphases upon reason and unemotionalism

In what area did the Romantic period find its fullest expression?

Literature

What famous writer wrote Faust?

Goethe

Who wrote the story of William Tell?

Frederick Schiller

What did Herder glorify?

German culture

What two writers wrote fairy tales

The Grimm brothers

Three famous Russian writers of the Romantic period?

Ivan Turgenev

Alexander Pushkin

Feodor Dostoevsky

The author who wrote The Three Musketeers

Alexandre Dumas

Victor Hugo wrote

Les Miserables and

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

Four famous painters of the Romantic period

Goya

Constable

Delacroix

David

Two main schools of architecture during the Romantic period

The neoclassical school and the neo—gothic school

The famous composer who personified the transitional nature of music of the Romantic period was

Beethoven

Why did Burke support the American war for independence?

He believes that the colonists should enjoy all the rights of other englishmen

Chopin

Wrote études

Beethoven

"Pastoral Symphony "

Mendelssohn

Revived interest in Bach's sacred music

Robert Burns

Scottish poet

William Wordsworth

Tintern Abbey

Samuel Coleridge

Kubla Khan

Robert Southey

Life of Nelson

John Keats

Endymion

Sir Walter Scott

Ivanhoe

Immanuel Kant

Critique of Practical Reason

What was Hegel's dialectical process of history?

The two elements in any history struggle were the thesis or established order of life , and the antithesis, which was a chalk to that order. The result of the struggle was a new orde , called synthesis. This new order eventually broke down and became a thesis which was later challenged by a new antithesis, leading to a new synthesis, and so on repeatedly.

Metternich

Austria

Frederick William III

Prussia

Lord Castlereagh

England

Talleyrand

France

Alexander I

Russia

The congress of Vienna became a conservative attempt to undo the results of the :

Age of revolutions and the Napoleonic era

Two reasons for the congress of Vienna to be called were to

1. To divide the spoils of the victors over Napoleon

2. To insure that these Napoleonic wars never happened again by effecting a lasting peace settlement

European powers that dominated the congress of Vienna were

Austria, England, Prussia, France and Russia

The two general principles agreed upon by the representatives as guiding principles for further discussion at the Congress of Vienna were ?

1. legitimacy of rulers

2. Balance-of -power

The two chief representatives who advocated a balance-of-power approach to the problems at hand were

Lord Castlereagh and Metternich

Czar Alexander I

Advocated the Holy Alliance

The countries that formed the Quintuple Alliance were :

England, Prussia, Austria, Russia and France

Prussia, Russia, and Austria dominated _____ during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Central and Eastern Europe

England and France dominated ____ during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Western Europe

The three words that were important in the French Revolution were ?

Liberty, equality and fraternity

The two groups that were the leaders in the revolutions in Spain, Portugal and the Kingdom of Two Sicilies were the

Middle class and the army

The successor of Lord Castlereagh

George Canning

_____ supported the United States when it issued the Monroe Doctrine

England

The two countries that began a century of rivalry in southeastern Europe in the early 1800's were

Austria and Russia

Two main groups of Greeks who led the Greek revolution

Phanariot and Island Greeks

Mohammed Ali

Led the Turkish forces in the Greek Revolution

Leader of the Phanariot Greeks

Ypsilanti

The naval battle that was a great defeat of the Turks in the Greek Revolution

Navarino

Who adopted many of the plans of the Southern Society of the Decembrists ?

Bolsheviks

Four forces that helped the colonial peoples of Hispanic America to resist Spanish rule

1. The examples of the American War of Independence and the French Revolution

2. The help and sympathy of England for the colonial independence movement

3. Englands desire for the markets of the New World to be opened to trade

4. The three centuries of resentment in the colonies of misrule by the Spanish governors

The plan of the Decembrists of the Southern Society

They wanted a strong centralised government backed up by secret police and distribution of land among freed serfs. They believed that violence was justified means to obtain goals

What actions did Czar Nicholas I take as a result of the Decembrist Revolt?

1. He reinstituted oppression and repealed the reforms previously begun by Alexander

2. He executed five of the leaders and exiled the others to Siberia

What political faction in France tried to reimpose the absolutist regime and repeal the guaranteed constitutional freedoms?

The ultra-royalists

Items retained by the Charter of 1814 from the era of the French Revolution and Napoleon were

Code Napoleon

Bank of France

Religious toleration

Equality under law

Equal chance to obtain government and military offices

Louis Philippe

The new King of France as a result of the July Revolution

The two main impressions of the results of the revolutions of 1830 were that

a. The conflicts widened the split between eastern and Western Europe

b. The revolution s were successful only where they supported by the majority of the population

Three causes that seemed to be present in the revolutions of 1848

1. Nationalism

2. Liberalism

3. Economic crisis

Who was elected president of the Second Republic in 1848

Louis Napoleon (Napoleon's nephew)

Louis Blanc

French socialist

Adolphe Thiers

French historian

Joseph Mazzini

Italian leader

Louis Kossuth

Hungarian leader

Franz Joseph

Hapsburg Emperor