Nervous System

Nervous System

The body’s communication network consisting of a complex system of nerves, neurons, and specialized cells.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; serves as the command center of the body, responsible for processing information, coordinating responses, and regulating bodily functions.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Autonomic Nervous System

A division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions; operates automatically without conscious control.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for activating the body’s fight-or-flight response in times of stress or danger.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for promoting relaxation and restoring the body to a calm state after experiencing stress or danger.

Somatic Nervous System

A division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary movements and relaying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.

Neurons

Specialized cells that serve as the building blocks of the nervous system, transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body.

Glial Cells

Support cells of the nervous system that provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons.

Motor Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and organs, initiating and controlling voluntary and involuntary movements.

Sensory Neurons

Specialized nerve cells that transmit sensory information from sensory receptors (such as in the skin, muscles, and organs) to the central nervous system.

Interneurons

Nerve cells that serve as connectors within the central nervous system, relaying signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

Reflex Arc

A neural pathway that controls reflex actions, allowing for rapid, automatic responses to sensory stimuli without conscious thought.