psychometrics exam 2 - intelligence tests

measurements of intelligence

• general concepts = what are you measuring

• operational concepts = how are you measuring it/ what questions are included

• problems

  • established tests serve as baseline (criterion-validity prevents new ideas)

  • bias in testing (WIERD samples of who test works for)

factor analysis

mathematical & correlational approaches to establishing an intelligence test

spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence

factor = underlying component of a broader concept

1. g-factor

2. s-factor

• Wechsler operationalized this theory

• includes tests like WAIS, WISC, WPSI, etc.

  • subtests measures s-factors

  • full-scale measures g-factors

g-factor

general intelligence or mental functioning that underlies all of our intelligence

• pervasive

• basic intelligence power

• full scale

s-factor

special or specific factors

• everyone has strengths & weaknesses in diff areas

• ex. math, vocab, spatial abilities

• subtests

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

intelligence test for ages 16-90

wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC)

intelligence test ages 6.5-16.5

wechsler preschool scale of intelligence (WPSI)

intelligence test ages 2.5 - 7yrs, 3 months (preschool)

raymond cattel

identified 2 “major general” factors

1. fluid intelligence (gf)

2. crystalized intelligence

• supported by standford-binet intelligence test

fluid intelligence

• more relatively cultural-free intelligence

• inherent capacity to learn & solve problems

• abstract thinking, analysis, speed of processing

• no prior knowledge needed

crystalized intelligence

• more developed application of fluid intelligence to a specific environment/culture

• more “solid” acculumlation of facts/ info u already know

• tests prior knowledge

standford-binet intelligence test

tests fluid & crystalized intelligence

• operationalized raymond cattel’s theory

sternbergs triarchtic theory of intelligence

info processing

• how info is acquired, processed, & then recalled & used to solve problems

  1. componential intelligence

  2. experiential intelligence

  3. contextual intelligence

componential intelligence

ability to think abstractly, process & learn info, & determine what needs to be done

• planning, analytical

• knowing to step back & think ab a problem before acting

• ex. vocab, math, puzzles, reading comprehension, comparison

experiential intelligence

relates to creativity & insight - how well do people cope with new things, how people quickly learn new tasks & make them automatic

• ex. learning new piece of music, using experience to determine what is broken with car & how to fix it

• derek paravicini - musical sevant - can play any song from request

contextual intelligence

practical intelligence = street smarts

• problem solving in specific situations

• ability to adapt, shape, or find new environment

• creative solutions

gardners multiple intelligence theory

didnt believe in g-factor intelligence - more than 1 type or dimension of intelligence

• linguistic

• logical-mathematical

• musical

• spatial

• bodily-kinesthetic

• interpersonal

• intrapersonal

• naturalistic-environment

linguistic intelligence

function of language, sounds, & meaning of words

logical-mathematical intelligence

ability to discern logical & numerical patterns & handle long chains of reasoning

musical intelligence

appreciate musical expression, rhythm, pitch, & timbre

spatial intelligence

perceive visual-spatial world accurately & transform perceptions

bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

control body movements & handle objects skillfully

interpersonal intelligence

respond appropriately to moods, attitudes of others

intrapersonal intelligence

access your own feelings & weakness and how they impact your behavior

naturalist-environmental intelligence

appreciation of the outdoors

individual intelligence tests

• one person

• more holistic

• assesses general traits

  • used in clinics, hospitals, schools, etc

group intelligence tests

• many people

• more narrow focus

• predict academic/occupational performance

  • initial screening

intelligence test goals

• produce overall score

• understand intellectual functioning

  • subtests analysis

  • diff between subtest scores helps explain unique functioning

binet intelligence test

• fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial, working memory

• mental age

  • = score based on avg abilities for that age group

• chronological age

  • a persons actual age in years & months

• IQ

• M = 100, SD = 15

intelligence quotient (IQ)

IQ = (mental age / chronological age) x 100

• inaccurate as you get older - dated - no longer in use (we now use norms for age instead of IQ)

wechsler tests

• verbal, performance, full scale IQs

• M = 100, SD = 15

WAIS subtests

• verbal scales

  • vocab, similarities, arithmetic, digit span, info, comprehension, letter-number sequencing

• performance scales

  • pic completion, digit-symbol coding, block design, matrix reasoning, pic arrangement, symbol search, object assembly

verbal comprehension

factor measured by Wechsler intelligence tests

• vocab, info, similarities

perceptual organization

factor measured by Wechsler intelligence tests

• block design, matrix reasoning, picture completion

working memory

factor measured by Wechsler intelligence tests

• arithmetic & digit span

processing speed

factor measured by Wechsler intelligence tests

• digit symbol & symbol search

Kaufman brief intelligence test (K-BIT)

• shorter & requires less training to administer

• screening measure of intelligence (mostly general intelligence) used for research & when there are time constraints

• problems

  • individual scores do not correlate well

  • not applicable for diagnosis or placement

• ages 4-90, takes 15-30 mins

• verbal vocab (expressive vocab - naming pics & doing riddles

• non-verbal matrices (solving 2×2 &3×3 analogies)