Cells

Mitochondria

Releases energy through aerobic respiration which requires oxygen to produce the energy.

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to derive energy from glucose, producing carbon dioxide and water as by-products.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and takes place in the fluid of the cell, known as the cytoplasm, producing lactic acid in humans.

When does Anaerobic Respiration occur

Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen supply is insufficient.

Cell membrane

The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and is primarily constructed from a bilayer of lipids.

Nucleus

The nucleus houses DNA and controls cellular functions.

Which subcellular structure is composed of two subunits made of RNA and protein?

Ribosomes are small structures composed of two subunits that work together to translate genetic information into proteins.

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes manufacture proteins from amino acids called protein synthesis.

Epithelial tissue

A single layer of cells attached to a basement membrane.

Red blood cells

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen for transport. The oxygen is then transported from the lungs to body tissue.

White blood cells

The primary role of white blood cells is to protect the body against pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) and infection.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are small structures composed of two subunits that work together to manufacture proteins from amino acids.

Cell membrane damage

Membrane damage allows uncontrolled substance movement.

Blood structure

Blood is unique because its matrix is liquid (plasma), allowing cells to be transported throughout the body.