PHOTOGRAPHY

SLR cameras solved the parallax problem by:

directing the view through the lens

How does a DMC differ from a DLSR?

rather than using a mirror, the view from the lens is conveyed through video from the sensor

What’s the “live view” on a DLSR

viewing the scene through the LCD screen on back of the camera

What is “image noise”

a digital artifact characterized by random, grain like colored specks

When is image noise most likely to occur

when shooting in low light with a high ISO setting

What are the physical dimensions of a full-frame sensor

1 × ½ inches

What is the extension for the Canon RAW format

CR2

What is a DNG file and how does it relate to other RAW formats

a DNG or digital negative file is a standardized, non-proprietary, uncompressed format

Which of the following would be considered a tungsten light

fluorescent light

light bulb

the flash

non of the above

light bulb

what color cast is typically put off by fluorescent lights

green

In autofocus mode, the camera will generally not take a picture unless ____

something is locked in focus

Why do sand, snow, and sky present challenges for autofocus?

They tend to lack contrast and clearly defined edges

What’s an F-stop

a measurement of the size of a lens apeture

The lower the F-stop number the bigger the ____

opening

Opening the aperture by one full stop increase the amount of light hitting the lens by how much?

it doubles the amount of light

What’s the “maximum lens aperture”?

the widest F-stop on a lens

what’s a “fast lens”?

a lens with a large maximum aperture

What’s a prime lens?

a lens with a fixed focal length

What’s the crop factor for an APS-C sensor?

1.5x or 1.6x

TRUE OR FALSE: The crop factor for an APS-C sensor only applies when using a full-frame lens

true

TRUE OR FALSE: You can’t use an APS-C lens on a full frame

false

What’s a “normal” focal length?

a focal length that more or less replicates what your eyes sees

Subjects views through a lens with a short focal length appear:

smaller & further away than they really are

Which lens produces a curved distortion?

wide-angle

Which lens produces greater image magnification?

telephoto

What kind of distortion happens with a telephoto lens?

the subject looks flattened and space is compressed. foreground & background look closer than they appear

TRUE OR FALSE: the distortional effects that are produced by wide-angle or telephoto lenses aren’t found on prime lenses at the same focal lengths

false

What’s a “wide-angle zoom”?

a zoom lens that includes only short focal lengths (below 50mm)

What’s a disadvantage of a zoom lens in comparison with a prime lens?

zoom lens are “slower”

What are the 3 factors that affect depth of field?

aperture

focusing distance

focal length

What effect is produced by a UV filter?

it mostly just protects the lens

What are two things controlled by the shutter?

motion & exposure

In low light, you’ll generally need a ___ shutter speed

slow

Without lens stabilization what speeds are the slowest for most photographers without blurring, according to the text?

1/30 to 1/60 second

On the camera, shutter speed is generally expressed as a number, such as 125. What does that number mean?

1/125 of a second

If you switch from a shutter speed of 1/500 to 1/1000 (one stop), what’s the difference in the amount of light that hits the sensor? 

half the amount of light

What is continuous shot mode?

camera keeps firing while the shutter button is pressed

Why is camera shake more pronounced with long focal lengths (telephoto lenses)?  

Long focal lengths are "larger, heavier, and magnify the effects of the shake" (p88). That is, because it has a narrower field of view, small movements are more pronounced. 

You should ___ image stabilization when panning.

turn off

What is a monopod? 

a one-leg tripod

The text lists four factors that affect camera exposure. Which one is the "fundamental" factor? 

subject lighting

This controls the duration of light hitting the sensor

shutter

controls the amount of light allowed through the lens

apeture

This controls the sensitivity of the sensor light

ISO

What’s ISO stand for?

International Organization for Standardization

On the camera, what is the ISO used to control? 

sensor sensitivity

Your shutter is set at 1/125 of a second, and you change it to 1/1000 of a second. How many stops have you moved? 

3

Your aperture is set to f/22 and you open it four stops. What is the final setting? 

f/5.6

ISO: 200
F-stop: f/11
Shutter: 1/500

For a particular portrait, you want to bring the ISO to 100 and open the aperture to f/5.6. According to the meter reading above, what will your shutter speed be? 

1/1000

ISO: 400
F-stop: f/8
Shutter: 1/125

You're trying to capture some fast action at the park, and decide you need a shutter speed of 1/1000. To compensate, you'll open your aperture to its widest, but on your camera that's only f/5.6. According to the meter reading above, what will your ISO need to be? 

1600

ISO: 3200
F-stop: f/5.6
Shutter: 1/60

You're trying to do some low light photography, and decide to use a tripod and do a long exposure. Your camera is bumping your ISO way up, but you want a clean image, so you set it at 100. You also want a sharp depth of field, so you set your aperture at f/22. Using the meter reading above, and the shutter table below, what will your exposure be? 

8 seconds

In P Mode, what is a program shift?

the practice of changing aperture or shutter speed

this mode has a shallow depth of field

portrait mode

this mode has a slow shutter

night mode

this mode has a broad depth of field

landscape mode

this mode has a fast shutter

sports/action mode

How does aperture priority mode work? 

aperture is manually controlled, shutter is automatically controlled

How does the shutter priority mode work? 

shutter is manually controlled, aperture is automatically controlled

which axis on the histogram is the level brightness?

horizontal (x) axis

which axis on the histogram is the number of pixels?

vertical (y) axis

Metering that analyzes several or more sections across the viewfinder

evaluative

Metering that uses only a small area in the center of the camera’s viewfinder

spot

Metering that averages all values across the viewfinder, but prioritizes the middle section

center weighted

Occasionally, you may need to fire the flash in order to compensate for backlighting. What is the flash called when used in this way? 

fill flash

What are the basics for performing an autoexposure lock? 

1. Aim the camera at the area for which you want the camera to expose

2. Press the shutter button halfway

3. Reframe the image while holding the shutter button halfway

4. Press the shutter button to take the picture

What does it mean to bracket an image? 

Taking a picture at multiple exposure settings – typically one or two stops above and one or two stops below the camera meter setting. 

What is the fundamental difference between hard light and soft light? 

hard light is direct, soft light is diffuse

daylight (midday) temp?

5000-6500k

candlelight temo?

1000-1500K

mild overcast sky temp?

6500-7500K

sunset temp?

3000-4000K

tungsten light bulb temp?

2500-3500K

What's another name for a fill flash? 

forced flash

According to the inverse square law, if the intensity of a flash registers 100 footcandles at 5 feet, what will the intensity (in footcandles) be at 10 feet? 

25 footcandles

Since the distance has doubled in the example (from 5 ft to 10 ft), the intensity of light will fall to one quarter; 1/4 of 100 is 25. 

What does flash compensation do? 

increases or decreases the amount of light produced by the flash

TURE OR FALSE All 'studio work' (involving studio lighting) takes place in a studio. 

False

Which of the following is not an example of a continuous light? 

strobe

photoflood

hot light

quartz halogen

strobe

What is a key light? 

the main light source in a lighting setup

What is the purpose of a fill light? 

 

fill in the shadows created by the key