1016MSC - The Skeletal System

Anatomy & Physiology I - Laboratory (Practical)

Axial Skeleton

is made up of the skull, vetebral column, and thoracic cage

Appendicular Skeleton

consists of the pectoral girdle/upper limb and pelvic gridle/lower limb; attached to axial skeleton through the limb girdles.

Frontal Bone

Category: Cranial Bones

Features:

• supraorbital foraman

supraorbital foramen

Parietal Bone

Category: Cranial Bones

Features:

• sagittal suture

• coronal suture

sagittal suture

coronal suture

Temporal Bone

Category: Cranial Bones
Features:

• squamous suture

• zygomatic process

• mandibular fossa

• external acoustic meatus

• styloid process

squamous suture

zygomatic process

mandibular fossa

external acoustic meatus

styloid process

Occipital Bone

Category: Cranial Bones

Features:

• lambdoid suture

• foramen magnum

• occipital condyles

lambdoid suture

foramen magnum

occipital condyles

Sphenoid Bone

Category: Cranial Bones

Features:

• greater wing

• lesser wing

• sella turcica

• superior orbital fissure

• optic canal

middle of the skull and behind the eyes; butterfly-shaped

greater wing

lesser wing

sella turcica

superior orbital fissure

optic canal

greater wing of the sphenoid bone

lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

optic canal of the sphenoid bone

Ethmoid Bone

Category: Cranial Bones

Features:

• crista galli

• cribriform plate

• perpendicular plate

• olfactory foramina

between the eyes and at the roof of the nasal cavity

crista galli

cribiform plate

perpendicular plate

olfactory foramina

Mandible

Category: Facial Bones

Features:

• mandibular ramus

• mandibular condyles

• mandibular foramen

• mental foramen

• alveolar margin

mandibular ramus

mandibular condyles

mandibular foramen

mental foramen

aveolar margin of mandible

Maxillae

Category: Facial Bones

Features:

• palatine process

• alveolar margin

palatine process

alveolar margin of the maxillae

Lacrimal Bone

Category: Facial Bones

Features:

• lacrimal fossa

the smallest facial bone; where tears pass through

lacrimal fossa

Palatine Bones

Category: Facial Bones

L-shaped bone

Zygomatic Bone

Category: Facial Bones

cheekbones

Nasal Bone

Category: Facial Bones

flat bones forming the bridge of the nose

Vomer Bone

Category: Facial Bones

thin vertical bone in the midline of the nasal cavity

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Category: Facial Bones

curved/scroll-like projection sticking from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled cavities in 4 bones:

• Frontal

• Ethmoid

• Sphenoid

• Maxillary

Collective Function: lighten the skull, warm and humidify inhaled air, and enhances your voice

Vertebral Column

Cervical (7); Thoracic (12); Lumbar (5); Sacral (5 fused); Coccygeal (4 fused)

• Cervical: neck

• Thoracic: upper/mid-back; attach to ribs

• Lumbar: lower back; largest vertebrae

• Sacral: fused; forms posterior pelvis

• Coccygeal: fused; forms tailbone

Cervical Vertebrae

Category: Vertebral Column

C1–C7

• C1 – Atlas

• C2 – Axis

• C3 to C7 – Typical cervical vertebrae

Typical Vertebra

consists of vertebral foramen, vertebral body, spinous process, transverse process, superios and inferior articular facet

vertebral foramen

Category: Typical Vertebra

vertebral body

Category: Typical Vertebra

spinous process

Category: Typical Vertebra

transverse process

Category: Typical Vertebra

superior articular facet

Category: Typical Vertebra

inferior articular facet

Category: Typical Vertebra

costal facets of the Thoracic Vertebrae

Sacrum

Category: Vertebral Column

Features:

• sacral canal

• sacral hiatus

sacral canal

sacral hiatus

Coccyx

Sternum

Features:

• manubrium

• sternum body

• xiphoid process

• jugular notch

• sternal angle

manubrium

sternum body

xiphoid process

jugular notch

sternal angle

7 True Ribs

directly attach to the sternum through their own costal cartilage; how many pairs are there?

3 False Ribs

donot attach directly to the sternum; connect indirectly through the costal cartilage of rib 7

2 Floating Ribs

no attachment to the sternum; how many pairs are there?

bodies of thoracic vertebrae

the head of the riib articulates with?

Clavicle

acromial end of the clavicle

sternal end of the clavicle

superior surface of the clavicle

inferior surface of the clavicle

Scapula

spine of the scapula

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

acromion processs of the scapula

coracoid process of the scapula

glenoid fossa of the scapula

Humerus

anterior view of the humerus

posterior view of the humerus

head of the humerus

greater tubercle of the humerus

lesser tubercle of the humerus

intertubercular groove (sulcus)

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

olecranon fossa of the humerus

lateral epicondyles of the humerus

medial epicondyles of the humerus

capitulum of the humerus

trochlea of the humerus

Ulna

olecranon process of the ulna