English exam 7th grade (short story)

Irony

Definition: The actual meaning is opposite of the intended meaning (verbal, situational, dramatic). For example: A fire station burns down.

Metaphor

Definition: A direct comparison between two unlike things. For example: Her smile is the sun.

Simile

Definition: A comparison between two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'. For example: She is as brave as a lion.

Imagery

Definition: Using descriptive words to create a picture in the reader’s mind, appealing to the five senses. For example: The aroma of roasted coffee beans filled the air.

Hyperbole

Definition: Over exaggeration. For example: I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

Personification

Definition: Giving human-qualities to inanimate objects. For example: The wind whispered through the trees.

Foreshadowing

Definition: When the author provides clues that will help the reader anticipate the ending. For example: A character in a crime novel finds a mysterious note, hinting at future events.

Symbol/Symbolism

Definition: Using concrete objects/things to represent abstract concepts. For example: A dove symbolizes peace.

Person VS Person

Person vs. Person

Definition: A conflict between two characters.

Example: A character fighting another character in a novel.

Purpose: Drives the plot and creates tension.

Person VS Self

Person vs. Self

Definition: A conflict where a character struggles with their own emotions or decisions.

Example: A character deciding whether to tell a painful truth.

Purpose: Adds depth to character development.

Person Vs Evironment

Person vs. Environment

Definition: A conflict where a character faces challenges from the natural world.

Example: A character trying to survive in a harsh wilderness.

Purpose: Highlights human resilience or fragility.

Situational Irony

When a character does the opposite of a normale result

Verbal Irony

When a speaker or narrator says something that’s different from what they really mean or what’s really happening.

Dramatic Irony

When a character doesn’t know something important that affects what’s happening in the story.

Setting

1-The time

2-The place

3-The date

Protagonist

• Is the main character.

• Leads the narrative.

• Often opposed, exploited, or victimized.

• Directly involved in the conflict.

Antagonist

• Opposes the protagonist.

• Often (not always!) the "bad guy."

Static

• Doesn't change throughout the story.

• Consistent in qualities/traits/values from beginning to end.

Dynamic

• Changes throughout the story.

• Qualities/traits/values transform from beginning to end.

Round

• Hard to describe and predict.

• Variety of qualities and emotions.

FLAT

• Easy to describe and predict.

• Displays very few quality traits.

Plot structure

Exposition

Rising action

Climax

Falling action

Denouement

Exposition

Beginning of the story.

Introduces characters, setting, and conflict.

RISING ACTION

When the conflict is addressed by the protagonist.

Protagonist faces a "crisis."

CLIMAX

The most interesting moment of the narrative.

The protagonist's greatest challenge.

FALLING ACTION

Immediately follows the climax.

Reveals the consequences for the character after addressing climax.

DENOUEMENT

Explains what happens after protagonist has solved conflict.

Leaves readers with emotions/thoughts.

HERO’S JOURNEY

IN MEDIA RES

-Not a normal plot structure

(Foreshadowing,back story)

-Meaning in the middle of things