OT 402 - group dynamics

yalom's 12 therapeutic factors

1. interpersonal learning

2. catharsis

3. group cohesiveness

4. self-understanding

5. interpersonal learning

6. existential factors

7. universality

8. instillation for hope

9. altruism

10. family reenactment

11. imparting information

12. imitative behaviors

group development (according to tuckman)

originally designed as an approach to group development; now considered an approach team development

steps to group development (tuckman)

1. forming

2. storming

3. norming

4. performing

5. reforming

6. terminating

group development (according to bion)

three stages:

1. flight

2. fight

3. unite

flight stage (bion)

avoidance

fight stage (bion)

challenge of leader

unite stage (bion)

stable working group

group development (according to yalom)

three stages:

1. orientation

2. conflict

3. cohesive maturity

group development (according to schultz)

three interpersonal needs:

1. inclusion

2. control

3. affection

inclusion (schultz)

concern with acceptance

control (schultz)

concern with positionality

affection (schultz)

feelings or emotions; goal for therapy

multiple sequence model (poole model)

three tasks:

1. task process activities

2. relational activities

3. topical focus

breakpoints (poole model)

points of transition:

1. normal

2. delays

3. disruptions

normal (breakpoint)

changes in discussion topic or part of task

delays (breakpoint)

setbacks due to problems or group problem-solving

disruptions (breakpoint)

major conflicts or changes required for group to proceed

group development (according to gersick)

time and transition model and punctuated equilibrium

time and transition model (gersick)

looks at mechanisms of change within groups

punctuated equilibrium (gersick)

groups fluctuate between stasis and concentrated revolutionary periods

phase one (gersick)

first meeting; direction of group is established

midpoint transition (gersick)

direction of group is revised; content and process change; limited time to complete tasks

phase two (gersick)

completion; plan is carried out

cohesive maturity (corey, callahan, russel)

accomplished by:

- having a focus

- paying attention to feelings

- being an active participant

- giving feedback

- being open to feedback

- taking responsibility for what is accomplished

group task roles

enable the group to get the job done

group building and maintenance roles

allow the group to develop a strong foundation and retain cohesion

individual roles

meet the needs of the individual without considering group needs

client problem behaviors - participation

- the monopolist (dominance)

- the silent member (passivity)

- cultural influences

client problem behaviors - attention

- self-depreciation (self-centered interaction, low self-esteem)

- help-rejecting

- complaining

- narcissism

client problem behaviors - psychotic behaviors

remove from group and put in group with task focus

termination

- review experience, goals, and learning

- review concerns and feelings

- use counseling skills

- finish unfinished business

- give feedback on skills learned

- help generalize learning