properties of water test

polarity

slightly positive and slightly negative end (reason why all other properties exist)

nonpolar

when a molecule has the same charge throughout

• caused by uneven electron sharing

rules for attraction

polar likes polar, nonpolar likes nonpolar

types of molecular bonds

covalent and hydrogen

covalent bonds

when molecules share electrons

makes a water molecule

hydrogen bonds

attraction of a hydrogen atom to the slightly negative charge of another molecule

• connects water molecules to other water molecules

cohesion

attraction of molecules made from the same substance

adhesion

attraction of two different substances

surface tension

made through cohesion

capillary action

tendency of water to rise through a thin tube

ice floats

becomes less dense because of crystal structure

high specific heat capacity

hydrogen bonds constantly break and reform, helps water absorb a lot of heat without changing temperature

universal solvent

water can dissolve a lot of solutes