Energy and Metabolism Key terms Biology

Define Energy

Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energy

Understand free energy and what it means for endergonic and exergonic reactions

Connect learned fundemental principles of energy to metabolism and energy transfer, specifically catabolic and anabolic process

Energy

The ability to do work

Work

An energy transfer to cause an object to move a distance (a task the energy accomplishes)

Energy can be classified as _______ or ______ energy

kinetic/potential energy

objects in motion have ______ energy

kinetic

Objects that have the potential to move have ______ energy (stored)

potential

QUIZ: Chemical Energy within a bond is an example of this type of energy

Potential

Diffusion

movement occurs naturally from hi -> low concentration

What happens (in terms of energy) when 2 glucose molecules come together to form one starch molecule

the bond in starch stores PE

What happens (in terms of energy) when starch gets broken down into two glucose molecules

breaking of the bond in starch uses PE bond to do work (KE)

What is Gibbs free energy (G)

energy available to do work

What are some features of Negative delta G

Spontaneous, exergonic, releases energy (hi E -> low E)) as useable work

What are some features of Positive delta G

non spontaneous, endergonic, requires added energy to happen (ie photosynthesis or marble up the hill)

products of negative delta G reactions will have ______ free energy than the reactants

less

products of positive delta G reactions will have ______ free energy than the reactants

more

what is exergonic?

reactions that release energy, creating smaller molecules, spontaneous

What is endergonic?

a reaction that requires energy to happen (net use of energy), non spontaneous

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Metabolism reactions that convert bond energy (PE) to a usable form are called _________, _________, or ________

Catabolic, spontaneous, exergonic

QUIZ: Spontaneous reactions typically do the following in metabolism

Provide energy to do work

Metabolism reactions that use energy to create larger molecules and or store energy, are called _________, _________, or ________

Anabolic, non spontaneous, endergonic

Metabolic Pathway

series of biochemical reactions that convert one or more substrates into a final product

Anabolic

small molecules are assembled into large ones, energy is required

QUIZ: Anabolic Reactions use energy and break down molecules (T/F)

False

QUIZ: These type of metabolic reactions create larger molecules and/or store chemical energy

Anabolic

QUIZ: Choose the best statement that describes when metabolic reactions involve using small molecules and turning them into larger molecules.

 

Potential energy is stored through this process

 

This is a spontaneous process

 

Respiration is an example of this process

 

Energy is released to do work

Potential energy is stored through this process

Catabolic

Large molecules are broken down into small ones. Energy is released

Energy released

Glucose + oxygen -----> Carbon dioxide + Water

C6H12o6 + 6O2 --------> 6Co2 + 6H2o

Is an example of what type of metabolism?

Catabolic

(Small) Requires E (large W/ increase PE)

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy --------> C6H12O6 + Oxygen + Water

6Co2 + 12 H2o -------->C6H12o6 + 6O2 + 6H2o

Is an example of what type of metabolism?

Anabolic

QUIZ: Choose any true statements about exergonic reactions.

Spontaneous

releases energy

has a negative free energy

endergonic

are catabolic reactions

requires energy

are anabolic reactions

Spontaneous, Releases energy, has a negative free energy, are catabolic reactions

Endergonic reactions require energy and have a positive G. (T/F)

True

QUIZ: Potential Energy Is stored in the bonds (T/F)

True