Unit 6.4: The New Imperialism in Asia & Oceania

Flashcards about the New Imperialism in Asia and Oceania

What was the main reason for the shift in the balance of trade during the 1800s?

The Industrial Revolutions increased the power of western European states, making them great producers of finished goods.

What was the British East India Company primarily interested in within India?

Extracting resources from India.

How did the British East India Company maintain order in India?

By supporting a standing army of native Indian soldiers known as the Sepoys.

What led to Parliament assuming direct rule of India?

The 1857 rebellion in India, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

What economic process did the British Crown continue in India?

Deindustrialization, focusing the Indian economy on growing cotton for export.

What was the mandala system in Southeast Asia?

A weak, feudal structure maintained by the monarchies of mainland Southeast Asia.

Which European powers colonized parts of Southeast Asia?

Britain conquered Burma, and France conquered Cambodia and Vietnam.

How did the Dutch control the Dutch East Indies?

By eliminating local rulers considered uncivilized and replacing them with colonial administrators.

What was a significant source of labor in Southeast Asia?

Chinese and Indian immigrants.

Why was the Qing military weak by 1800?

Neglect due to a lack of rivals and general security during the early modern period.

What commodity did Great Britain sell to China to secure a market?

Opium.

What was the outcome of the First Opium War?

Britain defeated the Qing and forced them to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, ceding Hong Kong and opening other ports to western commerce.

What is extraterritoriality?

Exemption from Chinese laws granted to westerners in China.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

An armed rebellion in China seeking to expel foreign influence.

What is the 'century of humiliation'?

The period between 1839 and 1949 when China was dominated by Western powers.

Who were the Maori?

The notable people of New Zealand with a warrior culture.

How did the British conquer New Zealand?

By establishing a New Zealand Settler Colony and gradually confiscating Maori land.

How was Australia initially founded by the British?

As a poorly-funded penal colony.

What was the impact of British settlers on the Aborigines of Australia?

They suffered from European diseases and frontier wars that seized their ancestral lands.

What was the White Australia Policy?

A series of laws restricting immigration to Australia on the basis of race, with the goal of keeping Australia racially homogeneous.

What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution and New Imperialism?

The center of world production moved to the metropoles of the new imperial powers, reducing once mighty empires to territories.

What was the significance of the 1857 Rebellion in India?

A revolt against the British East India Company's high taxes and disrespect for Hindu and Islamic religions, leading to direct British rule.

What was the primary goal of the White Lotus Rebellion?

A major peasant uprising in China during the Qing dynasty due to high taxes and government corruption, revealing the weakness of the Qing military.