CHAPTER 8- PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Body Growth Between 2 and 6 Years of Age

How many inches? Ibs?

What other 3?

• Children grow 2-3 inches and gain approx 5Ibs every year

• Skeletal Growth: Epiphyses

• Start to lose baby teeth

• Rapid Brain Growth

What is the Brain development between 2 and 6 years of Age?

• Brain goes from 70% of adult weight to 90% of adult weight

• Many skills such as perception, coordination, and imagination improve drastically

• Brain connections refining and reshaping due to plasticity and synaptic pruning

• Left and right hemispheric development contribute to different skills

Brain Development ContD: Handedness

• Due to cerebral hemispheric dominance

• Weak hereditary link

• Prenatal environment may shape handedness

• Environmental interactions are at play as well

Cerebelliium?

Continued myelination of fibers linking cerebellum to cortex

Reticular Formation

Synapse formation and myelination into adolescence to improve sustained attention

Hippocampus

Greater growth and more connections with other brain structures to promote lateralization, memory, and spatial organization

Amygdala

Connections with prefrontal cortex grow to promote emotion regulation

Corpus Callosum

Reach peak growth between 3 and 6 years to promote coordination of movement and information processing

What influences Physical growth?

• Pituitary gland

• Emotion well-Being

• Sleep Habits

• Nutrition

• Infectious Disease

• Injuries

INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL GROWTH: Pituitary Gland

Secretes growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone

Influences on Physical Growth: Emotional well-being

Psychosocial Short Stature: Psychosocial short stature (PSS) is a growth disorder that occurs in children who experience extreme emotional deprivation or stress.

Influences on Physical Growth: Sleep Habits

• Nightmares

• Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

• Night Terrors

Nutrition

Infectioous Disease

• Contributes to malnutrition and dehydration

• Immunization

Injuries

• Most common childhood mortalities in
industrialized nationsA

Moter Development 3 types?

• Gross-motor Development

• Fine=Motor Development

• Enhancing Motor Development

Gross-Motor Development

Fine-Motor Development

• Self-Help

• Drawing

• 1. Scribbles

• 2. First Representational Forms

• 3. More Realistic Drawings

• Early Printing

Enhancing Motor Development