GRQs first three parts

what shapes can hydrocarbon molecules take?

straight chains, branched chains, rings

why does hydrocarbon shape matter?

shape determines molecular function

functional groups in carbs?

hydroxyl and carbonyl

general formula of carbs?

c to h to o ratio of 1:2:1

3 biological functions of carbs?

energy, energy storage, structure

which carb functions as energy

glucose

which carb functions as energy storage?

starch and glycogen

which carb functions as structure

cellulose and chitin

what are monosaccharides

simple sugars, fuel for work

how to identify condensation vs. hydrolysis diagram?

condensation removes water to build polymer, hydrolysis adds water to break it

how do starch, cellulose, and glycogen differ?

starch is for plants storage with glucose monomers, glycogen is for animal storage and is highly branched, cellulose forms plant cell walls with a different glucose linkage pattern

identify which 2 lipids occur in which respective instance of lipids

carboxyl group in fatty acids, phopshate group in phospholipids

basic chemcal structure of a fat? (triglyceride)

glycerol and 3 fatty acids 

3 primary biological functions of lipids

energy storage, membrane structure, hormones

which lipid stores energy

fat

which lipid functions as membrane structure

phospholipids

which lipid functions as hormones

steroids

difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

saturated has no double bonds and is solid at room temperature, while unsaturated has double bonds with the kinks preventing tight packing, usually being a liquid or oil

what is the structure of a phospholipid

hydrophilic phosphate head, glycerol, and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails

how many phospholipid layers form a membrane

2

what bonds connect nucleotides in a chain

sugar phosphate bonds, formed by dehydration

how do environmental conditions affect protein structure

heat, pH, or salt can take away the shape and function of proteins

why is protein sensitivity to environment important for ecosystems

organisms can ony lsurvive where proteins maintain funcitonal shape, influencing species distribution globally