Police Procedures Chapter 1-4

Early English Self-Protection Pledges under King Alfred the Great

mutual pledge, constable, shire-reeve, hue and cry, watch and ward

Where and when modern-style policing first appeared

London, England. 1804.

Sheriff

Derived from the Shire-reeve

Bow Street Runners

Created by Henry Fielding, laid foundation for the first modern police force, 1749.

Sir Robert Peel

Drafted the first police bill, the Metropolitan Police Act, which established the world’s first modern, professional, and organized police force, 1829.

Praetorian Guard

Select group of highly qualified members of the military established by the Roman Emperor Augustus to protect him and his palace.

Vigiles

Early Roman firefighters who also patrolled Rome’s streets to protect citizens.

Mutual Pledge

A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the 9th century in England.

Constable

An official assigned to keep the peace in the mutual pledge system in London

Hue and cry

yell for help

Watch and ward

rudimentary form of policing, designed to protect against crime, disturbances, and fire

Thief-takers

private english citizens with no official status who were paid by the king for every criminal they arrested

American policing (north)

The watch. Country sheriff was the most important law enforcement role. Town marshal was chief law enforcement officer.

American policing (south)

Slave patrols and codes

American policing in the 18th and 19th century south

Slave patrol, elderly and a not-so-nice element. Milita-like nature, reluctantly hired black officers.

American policing in the 19th and 20th century frontier

Sheriffs and town marshals, the federal milita cannot engage in civilian law enforcement, federal marshals, the military, state police agencies, private policing.

American policing from 1900 to 1960

Professionalism, technology, the Boston Police strike, national policing, the Wikershaw convention

Wickershaw convention

Prohibition led to negative consequences

Volstead Act

Banned alcohol beverages

August Vollmer

First police chief in Berkley, California, known as the founder of modern policing

O.W. Wilson

Authored several books on policing

Raymond Blaine Fosdick and Bruce Smith

Neither were police officers, but they were early pioneers in the movement towards police professionalism

John Edgar Hoover

Fifth and final direction of the Bureau of Investigation and the first director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Kefauver Committee

Investigated organized crime crossing state lines

Brown v. Board of Education

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Escobedo v. Illinois

As soon as someone is in the custody of law enforcement, he or she has a Sixth Amendment Right to speak to an attorney immediately

Typical police department size

2.51 per 1000 residents

Diversity statistics for women and minorities

10-14% women, 12-13% black, 11% hispanic

FBI

Legal and prosecutorial arm of the United States

NCIS

Naval Criminal Investigative Services

Who has the ability to enforce laws in Indian Country

Federal, state, and tribal governments

Interpol

Established for cooperation among nations, founded in 1923, main function is informative, founded in France

Pendleton Act

Ended the federal spoils system and established a merit-based system for selecting government employees.

Until recently, anyone over the age of ____was considered too old in the police selection process

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