Extremities

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

What 4 mm make up the rotator cuff?

humerus

What are the rotator cuff muscles rotating?

shoulder abduction and stabilization

Function of supraspinatus

C5-8, T1

Ventral rami spinal nerves of brachial plexus

somatic motor, general sensory, visceral motor

What modalities do the 5 terminal branches of a brachial plexus have?

axillary, radial

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus becomes what nerves

ulnar and ½ median

The medial cord of the brachial plexus forms what nerves

musculocutaneous, ½ median

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus forms what nerves

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, terminal branches

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus going from largest to smallest

C5-6

What forms the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

C8, T1

What forms the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

C7

What forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

subclavian

The axillary artery is a branch off what

Brachial

What does the axillary artery become as it cont down the arm?

posterior and anterior circumflex humeral artery

What proximal branch of the axillary artery forms a ring around the superior part of the humerus?

Axillary artery

The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery are fed by

deep brachial artery

Branch of the brachial artery which passes posterior to the humerus and runs with the radial nerve to supply blood to the posterior compartment of the arm

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

What are the three muscles that form the anterior compartment of the arm?

coroid process

Short head of biceps proximally attaches here

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Long head of the biceps proximally attaches here

radius

Distal attachment of the biceps brachii

elbow flexion, glenohumeral flexion

Action of biceps brachii

coroid process

proximal attachment of coracobrachialis

middle 1/3 humerus

Distal attachment of coracobrachialis

flexion of glenohumeral joint

Action of coracobrachialis

humerus

proximal attachment of brachialis

ulna

distal attachment brachialis

flexes elbow in all positions

Action

flexion of elbow and shoulder

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the arm?

extension of shoulder and elbow

What is the action of the posterior compartment of the arm

triceps brachi

What is the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Lateral and long heads tripceps, teres major and minor

What muscles form the quadrangular space?

axillary and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

What passes through the quadrangular space?

deep a and radial n

What runs in the radial groove of the humerus?

brachial a, median n

What can be found in the antecubital fossa

radial and ulnar a

What does the brachial a split into?

common interosseous a → anterior and posterior interosseous a

What is the main branch off the ulnar a?

flexion of elbow

Function of the brachioradialis

Radial n

Innervation of brachioradialis m.?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Proximal attachment of brachioradialis?

Radius

Distal attachment of brachioradialis m?

extrinsic mm of hand

Forearm muscles with tendons going into the hand which move the digits

intrinsic mm of the hand

the small muscles within the hand that produce fine mvmt of the fingers

deep and superficial parmar arches

anastomotic network in the palm between the radial and ulnar arteries

brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres

What muscles form the anterior compartment of the forearm?

flexor carpi radialis

?

wrist flexion and radial deviation

Action of the flexor carpi radialis?

median n

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Proximal attachment of flexor carpi radialis?

Metacarpals

Distal attachment of flexor carpi radialis

Pronator teres

?

medial epicondyle humerus

Proximal attachment of pronator teres m.

radius

distal attachment of pronator teres m.

forearm pronation

action of pronator teres m.

palmaris longus

small belly, big tendon

only present in 85-90% of the population

wrist flexion

Action of palmaris longus m.

median n.

innervation of palmaris longus m.

medial epicondyle of humerus

Proximal attachment of palmaris longus m.

Palmar aponeurosis

Distal attachment of palmaris longus m.

flexor carpi ulnaris

?

wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar n.

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Proximal attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris

carpals (on the pinky side)

Distal attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis m

Broad m w/ 4 tendons running through the carpal tunnel through the palm of the hand

digital flexion

Action of FDS

medial epicondyle

Origin of FDS

middle phalanges (2-5)

Insertion of FDS

median n.

Innervation of FDS

Flexor pollicis longus

?

thumb flexion MCP and IP

Action flexor pollicis longus

median n

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus m

radius

proximal attachment of flexor pollicis longus m

distal thumb

distal attachment of flexor pollicis longus m.

flexor digitorum profundus

?

Deeper of the digital flexor muscles

ulna and interosseous membrane

Origin of FDP?

radial and ulner nn.

Innervation of FDP

distal phalanges 2-5

Distal attachment of FDP

Digital flexion

Action of FDP

Median n.

What is the only nerve that runs through the carpal tunnel

Pronator quadratus m.

?

Small m where fascicles run transverse b/t ulna and radius

Assit pronator teres w pronation

Function of pronator quadratus m?

median n.

Innervation of pronator quadratus m?

Ulna

Prox attachment of pronator quad m.?

Radius

distal attachment of pronator quad m?

retinaculum

What is the name for the transverse ligament of the carpal tunnel

wrist carpal bones, flexor retinaculum

What forms the carpal tunnel?

4 flexor digitorum superficialis, 4 flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis, median n

What goes through the carpal tunnel (10 in total)?

recurrent median n.

branch of the median n that recurs toward the thenar eminence (the meaty part of the palm at the base of the thumb)

digital aa

The name of the vessels that branch off the palmar arch that radiate into the palm

ulnar n.

What is the main motor n in the hand

flexor digitorum porfundus

What is the only muscle that causes flexion between the middle and distal phalanx

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens policis

What are the three muscles of the thenar eminence?

recurrent median n.

What are the muscles of the thenar eminence innervated by?

abductor pollicis brevis

Most superficial m. in the thenar eminence

flexor pollicis brevis

Middle m. in the thenar eminence

opponens policis m.

What is the deepest muscle in the thenar eminence?

Hypothenar eminence

What is the name of the mound of muscle at the base of the pinky?

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

What are the three muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

Ulnar n.

What are all the muscles in the hypothenar eminence innervated by?