Chapter 4 -3 chem

Why is the quantum model better?

Beacuse it describes the arrangement of electrons in all elements rather than just hydrogen

electron configuration

the arrangment of electrons in an atom

Beacuse the atoms of diffrent elements have diffrent amount of electrons

Unique electron configuration exusts for each element

Like all systems in nature electrons tend to assume arrangements that

Have the lowest amount of energy posible

The lowest energy arrangement of the electrons for each element is called?

Electrin configuratiom at griund stsate

To build up electron configuration for any atom of each element first?

The energy levels f the orbitals are determined

Then?

Electrons are added to the orbitals one by one

electrons are added one by one according to?

The three basic rules

Real atoms are not formed?

By adding protons and electrons one at a time

The first rules states that?

The order in which electrons occupy orbitals

Aufbau

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can recieve it

The orbital with the lowest amount of energy is?

The 1s orbital

The 2s

Is the next lowest in energy

In n=3

the energies of the sublevels in different main energy kevels begin to overlap

The second role?

Reflects the importance of the spin quantum number

Pauli exclusion principle

No two electrons in the same atom have the sane set of four wuantum numbers

Aungular momentm and magnetic quantum numbers

Specific the energy shape and orientation of an orbital

For two orbitals occupying the same orbital

They must have opposite spin states

The third rule?

The third rule is placing as many unpaired electrons in seperate krbitals in the same sub level

In that way? So?

Electron to electron repulsion is minimized

The electrins have ethe lowest amount of energy possible

hunds rule

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by another electron and all electrons in singky occupied orbitals must have the same spin state

So basically?

Electron has to eneter in all three pmorbitals in the main energy before the second electron can enter

how many methods are used for electron configuration?

3 methods are used

The third notation is used?

For elements in the third period and higher

Orbital notation

A un ocupied orbital is represented by a line there will be 2 arrows per each orbital each will have diffrent signs that indicate they have diffrent spin states and the sublevel is placed below the line and the electrons are placed iver the line

Elements if teh first period or first group are?

Helium and hydrogen

Electron configuration notation

The lines are deleted and the arrows from the orbital notation and the amount of electrons is writtin as a super script

Highest ocupied energy levels?

Inner shell electrons?

Octet?

are electrons at the highest principle quantum number

Are electrons not in the highest occupied energy level

their highest ocupied energy level is filled up

The third period has?

Neon is a member of the. Which others are there?which are called? Every noble gas except helium have a?

The third energy levels

Group of 18 elements

Helium neon argon krypton xenon radon. The noble gases

Full octet of electrons in its outer layer

Noble gas configuration. The 3d is filled successfully in?

The shaz are?

Elements if the first period start from? Elements of the sec third fourth 5th

Refers to the outer most energy level ocupied in most cases by 8 electrons

10 elements from scandium to zinc

1 chromium 2 copper technitium niubium and paladium( the monster of shaz)

They all start with the number in their names

Elements of the fifth period consists of how many elements?

6th and 7th ? Where are their elements?but the seventh one?

18

32

The sixth and seventh are the lanathiee and actanide groups below the periodic table

Is incomplete and consists of synthetic elements

An octet corrected

The arrangement of electrons in s and p orbitals

The quantum theory was developed

Quantum theiry states

To explain the photoelectric effect and the line emmision spectrum

That electrons can exist in atoms at very specific energy levels

The orbital

Electrons ocupy

The chromium follows?

Is a three dimensional space around the nucleus that shows the regions of the electroms

Atomic orbitals in the ground state of an atom

Not aufbau but it follows but it follows a configuration with the minimmum possible energy