Unit 1: Science Foundations

Intro to Physics & Chem

Beaker

Glassware used for holding, mixing, heating and measuring volume

Erlenmeyer flask

Glassware used for heating liquids, but can also measure and hold them

Test tube

Glassware used for performing small chemical reactions

Graduated cylinder

Used for making precise volume measurements

Watch glass

Can be used as a lid on a beaker to prevent splattering

Mortar and pestle

For grinding solids into a powder

Funnel

For transferring liquids from larger containers to smaller ones

Pipette

For moving liquids in precise amounts

Beaker tongs

For moving and holding a hot beaker

Spatula

For moving solid chemicals from large to small containers

Digital scale

For measuring mass

Weigh boat

For protecting the digital scale from the chemical

Bunsen burner

Converts chemical energy to thermal energy to heat chemicals

Hot plate

Converts electrical energy to thermal energy to heat chemicals

Standard

An exact quantity that people use for comparison

SI system

The system used by scientists around the world to make measurements

Significant figures

The number of digits in a measurement that reflect how accurate the measurement is

Length

Distance between two points

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Volume

Amount of space occupied by an object

Time

Interval between two events

Temperature

The amount of heat in an object

Observation

Objective; based on senses

Inference

Subjective; based on perceptions

Qualitative data

Data based on qualities

Quantitative data

Data based on quantities (numbers and measurements)

Independent variable

What is being purposefully changed; what is being tested; the "cause"

Dependent variable

What is being measured; the data collected as a response; the "effect"

Control group

The normal group used for comparison

Experimental group

The group that is being tested and purposefully changed

Hypothesis

A testable prediction that attempts to answer a question

Constant

Factors that do not change in an experiment; conditions that are kept the same for all groups