Ch. 8 Ovigenesis and Fertilization

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55 Terms

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oogenesis

formation and maturation of female gametes

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when does oogenesis start

prenatal stages

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oogonia multiply by

mitosis until near birth

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two stages of meiotic divisions

meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

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meiosis 1

arrested (stop developing) at late prophase

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dictyate oocyte

arrested oocyte

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no oocyte

mature before puberty

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growth and maturation occurs

in cycles after puberty

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only oocytes in dominant follicles

mature

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follicular development occurs in

waves/cohorts

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The zona pellucida develops when 

when oocytes grows 

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zona pellucida

outer membrane of the follicle

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what hormone is produced by the mature follicle

estrogen

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1st follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, graffian follicle

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antrum forms as

dominant follicles emerge

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ovulation is induced by what hormone

LH

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meiosis 2 is arrested at 

metaphase 

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meiosis 2 only occurs of

fertilization occurs

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meiosis 1 yields

secondary oocyte and 1st polar body

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meiosis 1 occurs before

ovulation

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Ater Estrogen triggers LH what happens to oocytes in Meiosis 1

oocytes are freed into follicular fluid and meiosis 1 resumes

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how long does it take for oogenesis to complete

anywhere between 12 to 50 years on cyclic basis from puberty to menopause

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each primary oocyte yields how many ovum and polar bodies

1 cytoplasm rich ovum and 3 cytoplasm poor polar bodies that disintegrate

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Meiosis 1 occurs in what phase

prophase 1

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What phase does meiosis 2 occur

Metaphase

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What causes follicles to develop

LH

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Proteolytic enzymes do what

Weaken the follicular walls

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Ovulation results in

The release of the secondary oocyte, follicular fluids, and cumulus cells

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Stigma occurs where

Rupture site

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An oocyte moves where

Down the oviduct to ampullary-isthmic junction for fertilization

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Peristalsis

Muscle contraction

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What slows down and hastens transport

Estrogen slows transport

Progesterone hastens transport

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Where do sperm transport

Bovine uterus and oviduct (4-16hrs)

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First barrier

Cervix that filter dead sperm

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Second barrier to the AI junction

Uterotubal junction

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Filter sperm and serve as a reservoir for slow continuous release

Lower isthmus

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Hormones that speed sperm transport

Prostaglandin and estrogen

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Fertilization occurs in

The ampullary-isthmic junction

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The site of fertilization

Oviduct

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Fertilization

Formaction of zygote

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Enzymes of sperm head allow

For penetration of cumulus and corona radiata cells

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What facilitate enzymatic activity

Capacitation and acrosome

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Sperm head sticks to

The zone pellucida

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What allows zona pellucida penetration

Acrosome enzymes

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Zona reaction

Prevents other sperm from crossing the zone pellucida

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During fertilization sperm enters

The vitelliene membrane by phagocytosis

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The second block against other sperm participating in fertilization

Vitelline block

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When meiosis 2 resumes what happens

The 2nd polar body is extruded and the female pronucleus forms

Sperm looses its tail and the male pronucleus forms

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Syngamy

Merging of pronucleus during fertilization

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What happens for fertilization to be complete

Zygote

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Polyspermy

Fertilization by 2 or more sperm that results in embryo loss and occurs in heated or aged secondary oocytes

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The two barriers to polyspermy

Zona rection and vitelline block

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zygote

one cell embryo

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spontaneous vs reflex ovulation

spontaneous- ovulating whether they are mating or not

reflex- ovulating only when they mate

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cows do not ovulate until…

they are out of estrus