Mark Klimek Blue Book | Quizlet

Name the five/six essential nutrients

carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

The major source of energy for the body is

carbs

carbs provide ____________ Kcalories per 1 gram

4

Sucrose is a sugar found in ____________ and _____________.

fruits, veggies

Lactose is a sugar found in ?

milk

What is glycogen?

It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver

Is glycogen eaten in foods?

NO! It is a stored form of glucose MANUFACTURED by the liver.

When the body does not receive enough carbs it burns ___________ and _____________.

protein, fat

The most concentrated source of energy for the body is ___________.

fats

Fats provide ___________ Kcalories per 1 gram.

9

Fats carry vitamins

A,D,E,K (Remember FADE K!)

The nutrient needed most for growth and repair of tissues is _____________.

protein (second best is Vit C)

Proteins provide __________ Kcalories per 1 gram.

4

Vitamins and minerals provide energy for the body. (T/F)

False- they are necessary for a body's chemical reactions.

Water is present in ALL body tissues. (T/F)

True (even bone)

Water accounts for ________ to ___________% of an adult's total weight?

50 to 60%

Name the four basic food groups

Milk & Cheese, Meat & Legumes, Veggies & Fruits, Bread & Cereal

Water acounts for __________ to _________% of an infant's total weight?

70 to 75%

An individual is overweight if they are ________% above the ideal weight.

10

An individual is obese if they weigh ________% above the ideal weight.

20

What solution and material are used to cleanse the eyes of an infant?

Plain water, cotton balls, washcloths

Can you use cotton swabs to clean the eyes, nares or ears of an infant?

No, this is dangerous

Can you use the same cotton ball/washcloth edge for both eyes?

No, it would cross contaminate

Should you cover an unhealed umbilical site with the diaper?

No, fold the diaper down.

What temperature is appropriate for the water used to bathe an infant?

100 to 105

What is the #1 purpose of a tepid sponge bath?

Lower body temperature during fever.

How should the temperature of the water be tested if no thermometer is available?

Dropping water on inside surface of your forearm.

With which body part do you begin when bathing an infant?

Eyes always

When cleansing an infant's eye, cleanse from outer to inner canthus?

No, inner to outer

Should you retract the foreskin of a 5 week old male, uncircumcised infant to cleanse the area?

No, not until foreskin retracts naturally and without resistance- then it should be retracted, cleansed and replaced.

When sponge-bathing with tepid water the correct temp is _____________.

98.6 F

How long does it take for the umbilical stump to fall off?

7 to 14 days

The primary reason why an infant is draped during the bath is to provide privacy. (T/F)

False, the primary purpose of draping is to prevent chilling.

You may use friction to remove vernix caseosa from an infant's skin. (T/F)

False, it causes damage/bruising

What solution is commonly used for care of umbilical cord?

70% alcohol to promote drying (trend is toward soap and water)

What cranial nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy?

#7, facial nerve

What is the #1 symptom of Bell's Palsy?

One sided (unilateral) facial paralysis

Complete recovery from the paralysis of Bell's Palsy should occur in _______ to ______ months.

4 to 6

In addition to the facial paralysis, the sense of ______ is also affected.

taste

Will the patient be able to close their eye on the affected side?

no

Give three eye interventions for the client with Bell's Palsy.

Dark glasses, artificial tears, cover eye at night

As the prostate enlarges it compresses the ___________ and causes urinary ________.

Urethra, rentention

At what age does BPH occur?

men over 50 years of age

What does BPH stand for?

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

IN BPH the man has (increased/decreased) frequency of urination

increased

In BPH the force of the urinary stream is (increased/decreased).

decreased

The man with BPH has a _________-stream of urine

forked

The man with BPH has hesitancey. What does this mean?

Difficulty starting to void

Will the man with BPH have enuresis, nocturia or hematuria?

Enuresis-No, Nocturia-Yes, and Hematuria-Maybe

Enuresis

inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination

What is the best way to screen men for BPH?

Digital rectal exam

Should fluids be forced or restricted in BPH?

forced

What does TURP stand for?

Transurethral resection of the prostate

The most radical prostate surgery is the ____________ prostatectomy.

Perineal

What type of diet is used in BPH?

Acid Ash

Acid Ash diet

Decrease pH (makes urine acid)

Chz, eggs, Meat, fish, oysters, poultry, Bread, Cereal, Whole Grains, Pastries, Cranberries, Prunes, Plums, Tomatoes, Peas, Corn, Legumes.

What is the primary purpose of a 3 way continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURP?

To keep the catheter clear of clots and to drain urine

What solution is used for CBI?

Normal saline (0.9 NaCl)

How fast do you run the CBI?

At whatever rate it takes to keep the urine flowing and free of clots

What drug is use to treat bladder spasm?

B&O suppositories (Belladonna & Opiates)

Should you take a rectal temp after prostatectomy? Give stool softeners?

No rectal temperatures, yes stool softeners

You should call the MD after TURP when you see _________ thick ________, _____________ clots, and ____________ urine drainage on the dressing.

Bright thick blood, persistent clots, persistent urine on dressing (don't call MD for transitory clots and urine on dressing.)

If you see an increase in blood content of urine coming out of the catheter, you would first ___________.

Pull carefully on the catheter to apply local pressure on the prostate with the Foley balloon.

If you see clots in the tubing you would first ____________.

Increase the flow-rate.

What exercises should the post prostectomy patient do upon discharge? Why?

Perineal exercises, start and stop stream of urine, because dribbling is a common but temporary problem post op

Will the post prostectomy patient be impotent?

If TURP, no impotence, if perineal prostatectomy, yes impotence

How often should the drainage bag be emptied?

Every 8 hours

What is the most common problem due to catheterization?

UTI

What is the most common organism to cause UTI with catheterization?

E. coli

What is the most common route for organisms to enter the blader when a catheterization is used?

Up through the inside of the catheter in the days following catheterization

Name foods that make acid urine

Cranberry juice, apple juice (avoid citrus juices- they make alkaline urine)

What is important about the level of the urinary drainage bag?

Never have the bag at a higher level than the bladder.

How is the catheter taped in a male client?

To the lateral thigh or abdomen

How is the catheter taped in a female client?

To the upper thigh

What urinary pH prevents UTI?

Acidity, low pH

Should the drainage bag ever touch the floor?

No

Is it ok to routinely irrigate indwelling catheters?

No

What agents are best for catheter care?

Soap and water

What is the most effective way to decrease UTI with catheters?

Keep the drainage system closed, do not disconnect junction of tubing

Give some signs of infection in a Foley catheter

Cloudy urine, foul smelling urine, hematuria

Is urinary incontinence an indication for catheterization?

No

Give three appropriate indications for bladder catheterization?

Urinary retention, to check for residual, to monitor hourly output

What are the top 2 diagnoses for a client with a catheter? Which is #1?

#1- Potential for infection; Potential impairment of urethral tissue integrity

What is systole?

The MAXIMAL force of blood on artery walls

What is diastole?

The LOWEST force of blood on artery walls

Accurate blood pressure is obtained by using a cuff that has width of __________ of the arm.

Two-thirds

Which artery is most commonly used to measure blood pressure?

Brachial

Can the thigh EVER be used to obtain a blood pressure?

Yes, but this is rare.

When pressure is auscultated the first sound heard is the ____________ measurement.

Systolic

The change in the character of the sounds is known as the ________

First diastolic sound

The cessation of sounds is known as the _________

Second diastolic sound

When 2 values are given in a blood pressure the first is the __________measurement.

Systolic

When 2 values are given in a blood pressue, the bottom number stands for the change in sounds or cessation of sounds?

Cessation of sounds

What is the normal adult blood pressure?

120/80

Abnromally high blood pressure is called____________.

Hypertension

What is the pulse pressure?

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure

If you deflate a cuff TOO SLOWLY, the reading will be too high or low? Why?

High, venous congestion makes the arterial pressure higher (increases resistance)

If you use too narrow of a cuff the reading will be too high or low?

High

Vasoconstriction will ___________ blood pressure.

Increase

Vasodilation will ____________ blood pressure.

Decrease