Armenian Genocide History

Treaty of San Stefano

A treaty created after the Russo-Turkish War on March 3, 1878, aimed to protect Armenian rights and establish a large Bulgarian state.

Treaty of Berlin

The treaty replaced San Stefano on July 13, 1878, diluted Armenian protections, provided limited reforms, and reinforced Ottoman control.

Hamidian Massacres

Mass killings of Armenians ordered by Sultan Abdul Hamid II from 1894 to 1896, resulting in the deaths of approximately 100,000 to 300,000 Armenians.

Young Turk Revolution

The July 24, 1908 event where the CUP overthrew Abdul Hamid II, initially promising reform but later implementing oppressive policies against minorities.

Pan-Turkism

An ideology promoting a unified Turkish nation-state that marginalized non-Turkish ethnic groups, especially Armenians.

Armenian Genocide

A systematic persecution of Armenians during 1915-1917, beginning with the arrest of 250 Armenian leaders on April 24, 1915.

Death Marches

Forcible removal of Armenians in 1915, resulting in tens of thousands perishing from starvation, dehydration, and violence.

Dana Massacre

A significant violence incident in 1916, where hundreds of Armenians were killed, showcasing the systematic nature of the genocide.

Treaty of Sèvres

An August 10, 1920 proposal for an independent Armenian state that was never enacted due to Turkish resistance.

Treaty of Lausanne

The July 24, 1923 treaty that replaced Sèvres, recognizing Turkey's modern borders without addressing the Armenian Genocide.

Lack of Accountability

The situation where Turkish authorities denied responsibility for the genocide, resulting in little punishment for perpetrators.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's framework for peace on January 8, 1918, which emphasized self-determination but did not recognize Armenian claims.