AP HUG Unit 2 Vocab Quiz 1

agricultural revolution

The transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled farming, resulting in increased food production and the establishment of permanent societies.

agricultural density

The ratio of farmers to arable land in a given area, reflecting the level of agricultural efficiency.

arithmetic density

The total population of an area divided by the total land area, indicating how densely populated a region is.

census

A systematic count of a population, typically conducted every ten years, which includes details such as age, gender, and residency.

crude birth rate (CBR)

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year, used to measure population growth.

crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year, used to assess population decline.

demographic transition model

A theoretical model outlining five stages of population change, driven by shifts in birth and death rates, as a country develops economically.

demography

The statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in population changes.

dependency ratio

The ratio of dependents (people aged 0-14 and over 65) to the working-age population (ages 15-64), used to assess economic pressure on productive age groups.

dependent population

The portion of the population that is not in the labor force, including individuals aged 0-14 and over 65, which can impact economic productivity.

doubling time

The period of time required for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

ecumene

The permanently inhabited areas of the Earth, where human settlement is established and where agriculture and urban development occurs.

epidemiologic transition

A theory describing the historical shifts in health and disease patterns in populations, primarily as they relate to changes in socio-economic conditions.

epidemiology

The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations, focusing on the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health-related states.

industrial revolution

A period of rapid industrial growth beginning in the late 18th century that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial and marked significant changes in technology, society, and labor.

infant mortality rate (IMR)

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year, used as an indicator of overall health and healthcare quality in a population.