chemistry - inorganic chemistry

What are in group 7?

The halogens

What happens as you go down group 7?

The halogens get darker in colour and their boiling point increases

What are in group 7?

The halogens

What happens as you go down group 7?

The halogens get darker in colour and their boiling point increases

What is chlorine at room temperature?

A poisonous green gas

What is bromine at room temperature?

A poisonous red-brown liquid that gives off an orange vapour

What is iodine at room temperature?

A dark grey crystalline solution which gives off a purple vapour when heated

What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 7 and why?

The reactivity decreases because it gets harder to attract an electron to fill the outer shell when it’s further away from the nucleus,

What is a displacement reaction?

A reaction where the more reactive element displaces the less reactive element from a compound.

What is oxidisation?

The loss of electrons

What is reduction?

The gain of electrons

What is an oxidising agent?

The element that gains electrons and gets reduced.

What is a reducing agent?

The element that looses electrons and is oxidised.

What do you call a reaction where oxidisation and reduction occur simultaneously?

A redox reaction

What is found in group 1?

The alkali metals

What do alkali metals react with oxygen to form?

Metal oxides

What happens to the reactivity of group 1 as you go down the group?

They become more reactive

What is the the atmosphere made of and how much of each?

78% nitrogen

21% oxygen

1% argon

0.04% carbon dioxide

What happens when you burn magnesium in air?

• Burns with a bright white flame

• White powder is formed (magnesium oxide)

• Magnesium oxide is slightly alkaline when dissolved

Describe when hydrogen is burned in air:

• Can be explosive

• Pale blue flame

• Only product is water vapour

• ‘Squeaky pop’

What happens when sulfur burns in the air?

• Pale blue flame

• Produces sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide is acidic when dissolved in water

What is thermal decomposition?

The breakdown of a substance due to heat

What colour is copper(II) carbonate?

Green

What colour is copper(II) oxide?

Black

What does copper(II) carbonate decompose to give?

copper oxide + carbon dioxide

Name 3 greenhouse gases:

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour,

Name two ways that human activity affects the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere:

Deforestation - fewer trees means less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis

Burning fossil fuels - carbon that was ‘locked up’ in these fuels is being released as carbon dioxide

Why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increasing?

Because carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere faster that it is being removed

How do greenhouse gases effect the earths temperature?

They absorb most of the heat that would normally be radiated out to space and redirect it back towards the earth, causing the earth to heat up.

Acid + metal —>

Salt + hydrogen

What is an acronym for the reactivity series?

Please

Stop

Literally

Calling

Me

A

Zebra

I

Literally

Cannot

Stand

Gossip

What happens to the temperature of a reaction is a displacement reaction?

The temperature increases

What do you need for rust to happen?

Iron needs to be in contact with water and oxygen

Why type of reaction happen when iron corrodes?

Oxidisation reaction

What is the word equation for rust?

Iron + water + oxygen —> hydrates iron(III) oxide

What are two ways to prevent rust?

Barrier methods (painting and greasing/oiling) and galvanisation

How would you prevent bike chains from rusting?

Oiling or greasing

What is normally used for galvanisation?

Zinc

How does galvanisation work?

A coating of zinc or a more reactive metal is sprayed onto the object. As zinc is higher up on the reactivity series, the zinc will be oxidised instead of the iron.

What properties do iron, aluminium and copper have in common?

High melting points

Malleable

Strong

Good conductors of electricity and heat energy

What is an alloy?

A mixture of a metal with one or more elements.

Why are alloys better than normal metals?

They are stronger because different sized elements have different sized atoms so the layers of metal atoms become distorted so it is harder for the layers of metal atoms to slide over eachother.

How would you test for chlorine?

damp blue litmus paper, it will turn white.

How would you test for oxygen?

Oxygen would relight a glowing splint.

How would you test for carbon dioxide?

Lime water test

How would you test for hydrogen?

Squeaky pop test

How would you test for ammonia?

damp red litmus paper, it would turn blue.

What would you use to test for water? Describe the colour change.

anhydrous copper(II) sulfate

white to blue