Case Law

United States v. Blarek (1998)

Argues for sentencing based on rehabilitation for non-violent drug offenders.

Payne v. Tennessee (1991)

Justifies the use of victim impact statements in sentencing.

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Supports the constitutionality of the death penalty under guided discretion.

BVerfGE 45, 187 (1977)

Emphasizes that life imprisonment must respect human dignity.

Rogers v. Tennessee (2001)

Challenges retroactive application of criminal laws, advocating fair notice.

State v. Tippetts (2002)

Discusses omissions and legal duty to act in criminal liability.

OLG Zweibrücken (1982)

Questions the voluntary nature of a physical act under actus reus.

State v. Miranda (1998)

Differentiates between voluntary and involuntary acts in intoxication cases.

Martin v. State (1944)

Argues that involuntary presence negates actus reus for public intoxication.

People v. Baker (2004)

Analyzes awareness or recklessness in negligence-driven crimes.

Leather Strap Case (1955)

Distinguishes between negligence and intent in accidental harm cases.

People v. Kibbe (1974)

Analyzes proximate cause and foreseeability relating to death.

Leather Spray Case (1990)

Addresses indirect causation in product liability harm cases.

People v. Lehnert (2007)

Focuses on conspiracy and substantial steps toward committing a crime.

Barwurz Case (1997)

Examines the boundary between preparation and execution in attempts.

Pinkerton v. United States (1946)

Holds all conspirators liable for foreseeable acts in conspiracy cases.

Landser Case (2005)

Discusses incitement or conspiracy through media or expression.

State v. Tally (1894)

Establishes accomplice liability through aiding or abetting.

BGHSt 11, 268 (1958)

Analyzes significant participation for assigning criminal liability.

People v. Craig (1991)

Applies the necessity defense to prevent greater harm.

BGHSt 49, 166 (2004)

Assesses whether consent is a valid defense in assault cases.

BGH NStZ 1987, 172 (1986)

Evaluates proportionality and immediacy in self-defense cases.