Chapter 6 - The Human Body

Cells

Foundation of human body

Tissues

Cells that share a common function

Organs

Groups of tissues that perform similar or interrelated jobs

Hinge Joint

Motion restricted to flexion and extension

Ball-and-socket Joint

Allows rotation and bending

Skull

Cranium = 4 bones

Face = 14 bones

Spinal Column

33 bones (vertebrae) in 5 sections:

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacrum

• Coccyx

Thorax

12 thoracic vertebrae & 12 pairs of ribs

Thoracic cavity contains:

• Heart

• Lungs

• Esophagus

• Great vessels

Shoulder Girdle

3 bones come together:

• Clavicle

• Scapula

• Humerus

Arm

Humerus = supporting bone

Ulna = pinky side

Radius = other side

Pelvic Girdle

Each pelvic bone is formed by fusion of ilium, ischium & pubis

Consists of:

• 2 coxae (hip bones)

• Sacrum

• Coccyx

Wrist & Hand

Ball-and-socket joint

Principle bones:

• Carpals

• Metacarpals

• Phalanges

Upper Leg

Femur & Patella

Lower Leg

Tibia, Fibula, Ankle & Foot

Skeletal (Voluntary) Muscle

Striated

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Breathing

Ventilation AND respiration

Alveoli

Where the actual oxygenation happens

Upper Airway

Nose, Mouth, Tongue, Jaw (mandible), Pharynx (oral, nasal & laryngeal) & Epiglottis

Larynx (voice box) separates upper & lower airways

Lower Airway

Thyroid Cartilage (Adam’s apple), Cricothyroid Membrane, Cricoid Cartilage, Trachea, Carina & Left/Right Primary Bronchi

Lungs

Held in place by trachea, arteries, veins & pulmonary ligaments

Divided into 2 lobes — right & left

• Right has 3 lobes

• Left has 2 lobes (bc of heart)

Inside Lungs

Bronchi, bronchioles & alveoli

For gas exchange

Pleura

Layer of smooth, glistening tissue that covers each lung & lines the chest cavity

• Visceral touches the lungs

• Parietal touches cavity