TAMU PBSI 206 Dr Howard Exam 3 Spring 2026

What is the median age of Black people in the United States as of 2022?

32

3 multiple choice options

Compared to the U.S. population's median age of 38 years, the African American median age reflects that the Black population tends to be:

younger

2 multiple choice options

How much more likely are Black women to die from pregnancy-related complications compared to White women?

3x

2 multiple choice options

Approximately what fraction of African Americans currently live in poverty?

1/6

3 multiple choice options

The Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory (PVEST) was developed by:

Spencer et al.

PVEST suggests that outcomes are shaped by the individual's:

Meaning-making and developmental, socio-cultural, and contextual influences

What preterm birth rate was recorded for Black infants?

15%

3 multiple choice options

Demography is best described as:

The descriptive study of human populations, including change over time

In Levinson's (1978) model, early adulthood spans from:

18-30

2 multiple choice options

How long do transitions between stages last in Levinson's model?

5 years

3 multiple choice options

Parenting that is HIGH in warmth and HIGH in control is categorized as

authoritative

Parenting LOW in warmth and LOW in control is considered:

neglectful

Which adolescent group reports the highest percentage of ever having sex?

native american

Race-homogeneous studies are best described as studies that:

Descriptively examine factors within a single racial group

What is the 'immigrant paradox' in health research?

Immigrants display health advantages over natives despite exposure to stressors

The World Health Organization defines health as:

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

The CDC defines a chronic illness as any condition that extends for:

>1 year

3 multiple choice options

The Affordable Care Act was signed in:

2010

3 multiple choice options

African Americans are approximately how much more likely to die from heart disease compared to Non-Hispanic Whites?

30%

3 multiple choice options

Black males born in 2021 have a life expectancy of:

67

3 multiple choice options

African Americans have what percentage higher prevalence of stroke compared to Whites?

50%

'Medical Apartheid' was written by:

Harriet Washington

The Tuskegee study is cited as one of the major factors contributing to African Americans':

Distrust of the medical establishment

The health belief model was developed primarily to:

Explain public participation in screening programs and predict health behaviors

According to the theory of planned behavior, the best predictor of a behavior is:

One's intentions to perform the behavior

Self-efficacy theory predicts that belief in one's capability to perform a task will predict:

Success at completing that task

The prevalence of age-adjusted hypertension among Black adults is approximately:

57%

African Americans make up approximately 13.7% of the U.S. population but accounted for what percentage of new HIV diagnoses in 2022?

37

Sickle cell disease affects approximately how many Black Americans?

1/450

3 multiple choice options

What percentage of African Americans with diabetes have type 2 diabetes?

95%

Healthy People 2030's objective for infant mortality rate is:

5

3 multiple choice options

'Cultural humility' in patient-provider interactions refers to:

A culturally adaptive, affirming interaction style between patients and providers

The PAACE intervention focused on which of the following?

Physical activity for older African Americans aged 65-85

Which intervention used churches to promote cardiovascular health?

FAITH

Behavioral health as defined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services encompasses:

Emotions and behaviors that impact an individual's well-being, including mental health and substance use

According to the WHO, mental health is a state of well-being in which a person:

Realizes their potential, copes with normal stresses, works productively, and contributes to their community

From an African-centered perspective, the focus of mental health is on:

Mental 'order' and 'disorder' rather than 'illness'

Ifá is grounded in which cosmology?

Yoruba

The minority stress model explains mental health outcomes through:

Distal stressors and proximal stressors

Distal stressors in the minority stress model consist of:

Prejudice, violence, and discrimination

Boyd-Franklin (1989) proposes that therapeutic work with African Americans should focus on:

The family across multiple systems

Epidemiology is defined as the study of:

Rates of incidence and prevalence of a health condition in a population

Compared to Whites, Black Americans are:

Less likely to receive a depression diagnosis but more likely to experience adverse effects

Black Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with:

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Cannabis use among Black Americans is approximately:

38.8%

Drug initiation for youth of all ethnic groups typically starts around age:

11-12

tobacco companies increased advertising of mentholated cigarettes in stores near California high schools with larger populations of:

African American students

The Strong African American Families-Teen Program is best described as:

A culturally specific drug prevention program for African American youth

High ethnic identity and Africentric values are associated with:

Less drug use and more negative drug attitudes

Black philanthropy includes which three types?

Humanitarian aid, self-help, and social philanthropy

The Black Elks (IBPOEW) are known as the largest:

African American fraternal organization in the world

According to the data, Black households donate what percentage MORE of their income annually compared to White households?

25%

Instrumental aggression is best defined as:

Intentional behavior to hurt someone as a means to an end

Since 2020, gun violence has been the leading cause of death among:

all children

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is most likely to affect:

Multiracial women

'Scripts' in the context of violence research refers to:

Cognitive structures that guide one's thoughts and beliefs

'Pen or Pencil' is an initiative of the:

National Alliance of Faith and Justice

- ages 8-17

'Racial respect' is defined in the text as:

A prosocial attitude from one's awareness of self-worth and honoring of one's racial origins

Which theoretical framework emphasizes reciprocal relationships between the individual's meaning-making and socio-cultural context?

PVEST

According to the text, the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) is related to which developmental concern?

Quality child care and early education

Sibling care was used more frequently among African Americans than Whites and Hispanics in what context?

Whether mothers worked or not

Early adolescence is generally defined as spanning approximately:

11-14

Late adolescence is generally considered to range from:

17-20

Watkins-Lewis and Hamre (2012) found that 'traditional beliefs' (stronger authoritarian parenting beliefs) among mothers predicted:

Lower math scores and lower first-grade school performance

In Levinson's model, middle adulthood spans from:

30-60

'Street men' in the text were characterized by which of the following?

Stable occupational transitions but unrealized career aspirations due to resource constraints

Race-comparative studies are distinguished from race-homogeneous studies in that they:

Examine and contrast children of different racial groups on measures or indicators

Health psychology is defined by the APA as a discipline that studies how which factors affect health?

Biological, social, and psychological factors

The U.S. Census defines 'Black' as:

Any person with ancestry from Africa

The immigrant paradox advantage in health decreased after immigrants had been in the U.S. for how long?

5 years

Black men have death rates from stroke that are how much higher than White men?

70%

Black women's mortality rate for stroke compared to White women is:

2x high

'Cultural desire' as a component of cultural competency is defined as:

A desire to care and practice all other tenets of cultural competency

Behavioral intentions in the theory of planned behavior are determined by attitudes toward the behavior and beliefs about

subjective norms

All three health behavior models (health belief model, theory of planned behavior, self-efficacy theory) share which characteristic?

They are all cognitively based, with an emphasis on beliefs

Education vs. genetic ancestry as a predictor of blood pressure variability among African Americans showed that:

Education significantly predicted blood pressure variability

African Americans with darker skin color have been found to have:

higher BP

Western frameworks of mental illness are described as limiting for African populations because they:

Do not account for the many dimensions influencing mental health among Africans

Boyd-Franklin's treatment process is described as circular, starting with:

joining and engaging family

The African American Respect Scale is a 20-item scale that measures:

Prosocial attitudes held by male adolescents, based on core African values

'Social disorganization' in a neighborhood is characterized by:

Dysfunctional households, segregation, hostile behavior, and norms tolerant of crime

'Co-victimization' is defined as:

The indirect experience of violence by directly observing the assault of another person

Proximal stressors in the minority stress model include:

Identity concealment and internalized social messages