curved gram negative rods

genera

• vibrio

• campylobacter

• aeromonas

• helicobacter

• pleasiomonas

curved GNR characteristics

• oxidase pos

• can ferment sugars

transmission of curved GNR

consuming contaminated water or seafood

vibrio cholera patho

inters the intestine and activates the cyclic AMP in intestinal cells causing fluid to be pumped into the intestine leading to diarrhea and extreme water loss

vibrio cholera manifestations

• water loss

• dehydration

• shock

• maybe even death

vibrio cholera toxins

01 and 0139

01 cholera biogroups

• el tor

• classic

cholera toxin patho

after it enters the intestine, it binds to the GM1 ganglioside and triggers the overproduction of cyclic AMP

vibrio cholera normal flora

aquatic animals

vibrio cholera transportation methods

• cary blair media

vibrio cholera stool

rice water

vibrio cholera selective agar

TCBS

TCBS sucrose fermentation

yellow agar

TCBS no sucrose fermentation

agar remains green

vibrio cholera treatment

oral rehydration/ IV therapy

vibrio parahemolyticus

• discovered on the eastern shore

• caused by consuming undercooked seafood

vibrio parahemolyticus key test

string test pos (only organism that tests pos for this)

vibrio vulnificus causes

• necrotizing fascitis

• associated with wound infections

vibrio vulnificus MAC result

MAC pos (glucose fermentation)

campylobacter jejuni

most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world

microaerophile

low O2 environment

campylobacter jejuni gram stain

looks like a seagull

CAMPY agar

• selective for campylobacter

• made of brucella agar

charcoal-based CCDA

better at selecting for campylobacter than CAMPY agar

campylobacter fetus growth requirements

grows at normal body temp

campylobacter fetus antibiotics

sensitive to cephlothin and naladixic acid

campylobacter morphology

large grey colonies that grow in a streak line

campylobacter key tests

• catalase pos

• darting motility

• hippurate hydrolysis pos

aeromonas

not a curved GNR

aeromonas vs enterics

oxidase pos where enterics are oxidase neg

aeromonas key test

O/129 RESISTANT (only organism that does this)

aeromonas vs pleasiomonas

• aeromonas is insitol NEG

• pleasiomonas insitol POS

helicobater pylori

only organism that doesnt grow on agar

helicobater pylori diseases

• peptic ulcers

• duodenal ulcers

• chronic gastritis

• suggested cause of gastric cancer

helicobater pylori inhibited by

pepto bismol

helicobater pylori transmission

house flies

helicobater pylori CLO test

stomach biopsy which is inoculated into a medium containing urea which will change color if the organism is present

helicobater pylori urea breath test

patient ingests a radioactive label and then the patient breathes into a balloon

pleasiomonas lab results

• MAC pos

• oxidase pos

• big fat colonies

pleasiomonas transmission

snake bites