Mass Communications - Final!

When Henry Raymond, editor of NY Times, wrongfully reported that that the North had won the Civil War, the military began blocking the news and General Sherman ordered NY Herald Correspondent _______ arrested and held as a spy

Thomas E. Knox

This act was passed into law to stop criticism of Americans who did not support the U.S. in WWI

The Espionage Act of 1917

Who is the nation's largest employer of PR people?

U.S. government

This act set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government

The Smith Act of 1940

Who commissioned statues to be erected of himself to enhance his image?

Augustus Caesar

This event on July 20, 1969 had viewers glued to TV sets all over the world

The moon landing

First amendment rights:

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and right to petition.

The spread of information between an individual and the public

Public Relations (PR)

He used his “Fireside Chats” to instill confidence in American people

FDR

The nation’s first publicity firm (Boston)

The Publicity Firm

He was the most honored print journalist who reported on the men fighting in WWII, not just casualties

Ernie Pyle

She served as press representation for Mamie Eisenhower and associate Press Secretary for Dwight Eisenhower

Anne WIlliams Wheaton

Which works better: Advertising or Public Relations?

PR

Photojournalism began when this man convinced Abe Lincoln that a photographic record be made of the Civil War

Matthew Brady

He is considered to be the father of modern PR

Edward Bernays

A condition required to establish libel against public figures or public officials and is knowledge that is published “with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not

Actual malice

Federal government restrictions covering the press included 4 bills signed into law by _______

John Adams

The Golden Age of TV news began with ________

Kennedy’s inauguration

According to sources mentioned in our textbook, how does culture affect the media?

We tend to put high status on celebrities which attracts the media. (Taylor Swift attending football games to watch her boyfriend) (Celebrity worship) (Me buying tommyinnit VIP tickets for meet n greet) (sigh)

if violent, studies show that there is a correlation between this violence and aggressive behavior

Movies, TV shows, song lyrics

FDR’s fireside chats

A series of radio addresses by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression, aimed at reassuring and informing the American public about government policies and national issues (AI).

According to sources mentioned in our textbook, how does media affect culture?

Political candidates by air time - radio/TV to showcase their policies

Media contributes to the formation of communication and the public

Heavy TV viewing - more fearful, less trusting

Another study - political advertising on TV has little effect on most people

Fast food restaurants can afford to pay higher ad rates than local restaurants

The practice of suppressing material that is considered morally, politically or otherwise objectionable

Censorship

Communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, etc.

Defamation

Published false statement, damaging a person’s reputation

Libel

Spoken false statements

Slander

The 5 defenses for libel:

Truth

Privilege (not taking sides)

Fair comment

Admission of error

Public figures and public officials receive less protection from defamation

Who sued The National Enquirer?

Carol Burnett

Best known defense for press coverage in a criminal trial

Sheppard v. Maxwell

Libel suits are more common in the U.S. than ________.

Invasion of privacy

Also known as gag orders

Restraining Orders

Installed in TV to protect children from inappropriate shows

V-Chip (ME??)(I’m in your TV bro)

Protects journalists from revealing sources

Shidd Laws

Right of ownership for creative ideas is

Legally governed by intellectual property rights