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When Henry Raymond, editor of NY Times, wrongfully reported that that the North had won the Civil War, the military began blocking the news and General Sherman ordered NY Herald Correspondent _______ arrested and held as a spy
Thomas E. Knox
This act was passed into law to stop criticism of Americans who did not support the U.S. in WWI
The Espionage Act of 1917
Who is the nation's largest employer of PR people?
U.S. government
This act set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government
The Smith Act of 1940
Who commissioned statues to be erected of himself to enhance his image?
Augustus Caesar
This event on July 20, 1969 had viewers glued to TV sets all over the world
The moon landing
First amendment rights:
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and right to petition.
The spread of information between an individual and the public
Public Relations (PR)
He used his “Fireside Chats” to instill confidence in American people
FDR
The nation’s first publicity firm (Boston)
The Publicity Firm
He was the most honored print journalist who reported on the men fighting in WWII, not just casualties
Ernie Pyle
She served as press representation for Mamie Eisenhower and associate Press Secretary for Dwight Eisenhower
Anne WIlliams Wheaton
Which works better: Advertising or Public Relations?
PR
Photojournalism began when this man convinced Abe Lincoln that a photographic record be made of the Civil War
Matthew Brady
He is considered to be the father of modern PR
Edward Bernays
A condition required to establish libel against public figures or public officials and is knowledge that is published “with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not
Actual malice
Federal government restrictions covering the press included 4 bills signed into law by _______
John Adams
The Golden Age of TV news began with ________
Kennedy’s inauguration
According to sources mentioned in our textbook, how does culture affect the media?
We tend to put high status on celebrities which attracts the media. (Taylor Swift attending football games to watch her boyfriend) (Celebrity worship) (Me buying tommyinnit VIP tickets for meet n greet) (sigh)
if violent, studies show that there is a correlation between this violence and aggressive behavior
Movies, TV shows, song lyrics
FDR’s fireside chats
A series of radio addresses by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression, aimed at reassuring and informing the American public about government policies and national issues (AI).
According to sources mentioned in our textbook, how does media affect culture?
Political candidates by air time - radio/TV to showcase their policies
Media contributes to the formation of communication and the public
Heavy TV viewing - more fearful, less trusting
Another study - political advertising on TV has little effect on most people
Fast food restaurants can afford to pay higher ad rates than local restaurants
The practice of suppressing material that is considered morally, politically or otherwise objectionable
Censorship
Communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, etc.
Defamation
Published false statement, damaging a person’s reputation
Libel
Spoken false statements
Slander
The 5 defenses for libel:
Truth
Privilege (not taking sides)
Fair comment
Admission of error
Public figures and public officials receive less protection from defamation
Who sued The National Enquirer?
Carol Burnett
Best known defense for press coverage in a criminal trial
Sheppard v. Maxwell
Libel suits are more common in the U.S. than ________.
Invasion of privacy
Also known as gag orders
Restraining Orders
Installed in TV to protect children from inappropriate shows
V-Chip (ME??)(I’m in your TV bro)
Protects journalists from revealing sources
Shidd Laws
Right of ownership for creative ideas is
Legally governed by intellectual property rights
