Sports Medicine Unit 3~ Special Consideration in Athletes

Hyperthermia

The body’s inability to maintain homeostasis because of high body temperatures

Hyperthermia sets in at…

Higher than 98.6 degrees

Heat regulating mechanisms

Hydration

Rested

Physical Condition

Hydration

Have to be able to produce sweat

Rested

Must allow body to recover

Physical Conditioning

Organs and Systems function better when stressed

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

Measures temperature, humidity, wind speed, sun angle, and cloud cover

Levels of dehydration

Mild

Moderate

Severe

Mild

Normal pulse. yellow urine, mild thirst

Moderate

Weak/rapid pulse, dark urine, very thirsty

Severe

Weak/rapid pulse and breathing, pale skin, little to no urine outputD

What is considered hydrated?

1.25 or higher

Heat illnesses follow a progression

False

You should remove the athlete from the ice bath when their core temperature reaches

102 degrees

What is the most severe heat illness

Heat Stroke

This treatment should never be used on a hypothermia patient

Warm water immersion and heat blankets

A patient enters your office and their skin appears a blue color. They also complain about a stinging sensation as well as having a reduced sense of touch. This patient might have

Frostbite

A baseball player walks up to the plate. They go to hit the ball but they miss and it hits their right side. They fall to the ground and complain about pain in that area. What organ are you concerned about?

Spleen

A baseball player walks up to the plate. They go to hit the ball but they miss and it hits their left side. They fall to the ground and complain about pain in that area. What organ are you concerned about?

Liver

A football player falls to the ground and complains about feeling weak and difficulty breathing. You check their 02 levels and they are very low. This player is experiencing a

Sickling event

An athlete comes into your office for a physical. You take their blood pressure and get a reading of 145/85. Do you clear this athlete?

No, this athlete has hypertension

You have an athlete with diabetes. One day, they approach you about feeling tired and thirsty. They also seem dazed. How do you treat this athlete?

Give them sugar to raise their blood sugar (Oreos, cookies)

Insulin Reaction

Occurs when there is too much insulin in the body

Diabetic Coma

Occur when blood sugar levels are high and there is too little insulin

A bruise is a bruise…

Until its not

Sprain

Stretching or tearing of ligaments

Strains

Stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Concussion

An injury to the brain resulting from an impact to the head or body

Five Types of Bones

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Sesamoid

An athlete comes to your office with a fracture. You do an X-Ray and see the bone is broken at an 90 degree angle. This is a ___________ fracture

Transverse

An athlete comes to your office with a fracture. You do an X-Ray and see the bone is bent. This is a ___________ fracture

Greenstick

An athlete comes to your office with a fracture. You do an X-Ray and see the bone is broken in a “spiral” pattern This is a ___________ fracture

Spiral

An athlete comes to your office with a fracture. You see that the athlete’s bone breaks through their skin. This is a _________ fracture

Compound

Abrasion

An injury that occurs when several layer of skin are torn loose or totally removed.

Laceration

Injury that results from a tear in the skin (cut)

Avulsion

Layers of skin are torn off completely or a flap of skin

Hematoma

Formation caused by pooling of blood and fluid that pools within a tissue surface

Two Types of Cartilage Injuries

Articular

Fibrocartilage

Tension

Pulls or stretches tissues

Compression

Crushing action

Shearing

Moves across the parallel organization of tissue

Bending

Force on a horizontal beam or bone that places stress within the structure

Torsion

Twisting in the opposite direction

A thunderstorm is happening during a soccer game. You use the 30/30 rule and determine that the storm is quickly approaching. What do you do?

Clear the fields and stands

Rhabdomyolysis affects what organ?

Kidney

During break one of your athlete’s unknowingly eats a snack containing peanuts. The athlete starts wheezing as well as vomiting. What is happening and what do you do?

The athlete is exhibiting anaphylatic reactions. Administer an Epi-pen and call 9-1-1

Local Reaction

Pain, swelling,redness,itching and a wheal at the site of the bite.

Systemic

A general reaction to a bite or sting. Itchy rash, flushing of the skin, or anaphylatic reaction

Simple partial seizure

When a jerking motion begins in one part of the body BUT the person remains awake

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure

(Grand Mal) Sudden cry and fall, jerking of muscle, shallow breathing

How should athletes pre-hydrate

By drinking 17-20 oz of water 2-3 hours before and 7-10 oz 10-15 minutes before

How should athletes hydrate

By drinking 7-10 oz every 10-15 during the match

How should athletes rehydrate?

By drinking 20-24 oz for every pound lost

Wind Chill

Temperature lost from the body due to the combo of cold and wind

Female Athlete Triad

Frequent or unexplained injuries

Excessive or compulsive exercising

Changes such as loss of endurance, speed, and/or strength

What should be evaluated first in a primary assessment?

Level of consciousness

What should be evaluated to expose the injury

Observation

C
A
B

Circulation

Airway

Breathing

What cells produce insulin?

The beta cells in the pancreas

Kehr Sign

Pain in your left shoulder due to spleen damage/rupture

Shock

Collapse of the cardiovascular system