bio test 1 chapters 1-2

Study of living things

Biology

Living things

Organisms

Regions where organisms normally live

Habitat

Study of plants

Botany

Study of animals

Zoology

The study of physical structures in function of the human body

human anatomy and physiology

why is studying botany important?

All good comes from plants

what do flowers for

Reproduction

What are leaves for?

Making food

What are stems for

Holding the lead up, store food

What are roots for

Store food

Taproot system

Main root is large

Fibrous root system

Main root is small

flowering seed plants are also called

Angiosperms

whose flowers produce seeds covered by fruit

Angiosperms

The compose family is also called the

sunflower family

Annual

Single crying season

Biennial

two growing seasons

plant that live year to year

Perennial

The movement of nitrogen from the air into the soil and back into the air

nitrogen cycle

provides nitrates to the soil from decomposing plants and animals

Nitrifying bacteria

grows on the roots of legumes And convert the nitrogen from air to ammonia and nitrates

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

convert unused, nitrates back into the atmosphere nitrogen to complete the nitrogen cycle

Denitrifying bacteria

what family is home to The three most poison plants

cashew family

The three most poisonous plants

Sumac , Poison ivy and poison oak

angiosperm plants can be placed into two main categories

Monocot and dicot

The most important group of flowering seed plant

Grasses

three most important cereal crops

Wheat ,corn and rice

what trees lose their leaves, each fall in our bear all winter

Deciduous

The leaves of a tree from its bushy head is also called a

Crown

organs are made up of

Tissues

tissues are formed by special

Cells

A group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular job for an organism

System

A structure within an system that has a definite form and performs a definite function for a system

Organ

The edge of a blade is also called the

Margin

____ Runs down the center of the blade

Midrib

It attaches the blade to the stem and contains vascular tissue that conduct substances between the plate and the stem

Petiole

Leaves that lack petiole

Sessile

has one blade on every pedal

Simple leaves

has more than one blade on every petiole

Compound leave

The points at which leaves grow from the stem

Nodes

when two leaves grow from each note, the arrangement is referred to as

Opposite

only one leaf grows from each note in an alternating pattern up the branch

Alternate

three or more leaves growing from each note

Whorled

A cluster of leaves growing around the base of the plant

Rosette

living material that is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for the organs of the organism is called

Tissue

most of the body or structure of the plant is

Structural tissue

protects and waterproofs the stems in certain roots of woody plants and is not found in herbaceous plants

Cork tissue

transports water upward

Xylem

transports food downward

Phloem

provide provides covering and protection for both upper and lower leaf surfaces

Epidermis

The lower epidermis of leaves contains tiny openings called

Stomata

Mesophyll

The middle portion of the leaf

where is photosynthesis mainly taken place

Mesophyll

tiny chemical factories that use light to manufacture food

Chloroplasts

organisms that can make their own food

organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from organisms

The process where plants chloroplasts Capture the radiant Energy of light and converted into chemical energy of food

Photosynthesis

photosynthesis has two phases

Light, dark

light reactions Make two special high energy compounds called

ATP and NADPH

carbon dioxide molecules from the air are combined with hydrogen atoms to produce

Glucose

plant obtain energy by oxidizing sugars with oxygen in a chemical reaction comparable to burning this process is called

Cellular respiration

glucose produced is converted many times into

Sucrose

most plant store access sugars by converting them to

Starch

factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (4)

carbon dioxide temperature water light

produces yellowish colors

Xanthophyll

produces yellowish orange colors

Carotene

produces bright, red blue and purple colors

Anthocyanin

leaves don’t fall off their cut from the stem by a ——— layer

Abscission

Transpiration

plant loses most water

what cells control the rate of transpiration

Guard cells

Guard cells produce a pressure called

Turgo

occurs when transpiration takes place faster than the roots can absorb soil water, causing the plant cells to lose turgor

Temporary wilting

resorting and loss of leaves are even the death of a plant

Permanent wilting

______ our special leaves or stems of vines that have a unique function of holding the vine upright by coiling around some support structure

Tendrils

what kind of plants contain chlorophyll to manufacture their own food, but can obtain nitrogen from the bodies of their victims, allowing the plants to grow in nitrogen poor soil

Insectivorous